http://bora.uib.no The BORA digital repository system captures, stores, indexes, preserves, and distributes digital research material. Search the Channel search http://bora.uib.no/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2396 Title: Type Systems for Resource Use in Component Software <br/> <br/>Authors: Hovland, Dag <br/> <br/>Abstract: In many situations a programmer must be concerned with resources which are not accounted and controlled completely by the programming language. These could be external physical resources, like a printer or a screen, it could be more abstract physical resources, like computing time, memory usage, or writing some file to disk or it could be other software components or programs. The resources can be used directly by the program, or indirectly, through the use of libraries or other software. An important property of these resources is their externally, often physically, enforced limits, which are independent of program execution. Finding maximum and minimum number of active or used instances of these resources at some point during execution can be difficult and demand time from both programmer and computer. But this can also be important for safe execution. As a silly example, a program which every minute allocates, but fails to deallocate, 1 byte of memory, will at some point fail, while runtime testing might not reveal this before it is run for a week. Many of the new mobile and low-cost devices (e.g. the hundred dollar laptop http://laptop.org ) would probably also benefit from provable upper limits on the usage of some resources, like writing to the disk or memory. Developing static systems for finding some of these limits, is the goal in which this thesis hopes to take part. With “static” I mean systems which analyse the source code, not the execution of the compiled program. Sat, 29 Oct 2005 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2395 Title: Postmoderne middelalder? en studie av Hamar middelalderfestival <br/> <br/>Authors: Hasle, Ingvild Sun, 29 Oct 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2394 Title: Questions of Culture and Context in English Language Textbooks : A Study of Textbooks for the Teaching of English in Norway <br/> <br/>Authors: Lund, Ragnhild Thu, 18 Oct 2007 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2393 Title: On the Nordic Seas’ role in the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation <br/> <br/>Authors: Iovino, Doroteaciro <br/> <br/>Abstract: In the present climate, the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation (THC) plays a fundamental role in the global transport of heat at high latitudes. The response of the North Atlantic Ocean-Nordic Seas THC to surface forcing and basin geometries in an idealized one-hemisphere basin is analyzed to better understand the processes that are fundamental to the modeled circulation. Focusing on the dynamics of the Nordic Seas, analytical and numerical modeling highlight the relevance of a sill (Greenland-Scotland Ridge) in setting the properties of the water masses formed in and exported from a marginal sea. Finally, the influence of the convective activity in the Greenland Sea for the overflow, and thus the overturning, is assessed using hydrographic data (from 1950 to present), a regional ocean model, and a unique tracer release experiment. Greenland Sea Gyre water is estimated to contribute less than 1 Sv, and there is no evidence for causality between changes in the Greenland Sea and the overflow. Tue, 26 Jun 2007 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2392 Title: Portal and umbilical venous distribution in the human fetus : a longitudinal ultrasound study <br/> <br/>Authors: Kessler, Jörg <br/> <br/>Abstract: Knowledge of the venous perfusion of the human fetal liver is fragmentary and mainly limited to the umbilical circulation. Current ultrasound technology makes it possible to study blood flow noninvasively and to give new insights into the developmental changes during gestation. AIMS: The general aim of the study was to map the hemodynamics of the venous supply to the fetal liver in humans. In detail: to establish longitudinal reference ranges for ductus venosus flow velocities and waveform indices (paper I), to establish a technique for direct flow measurement in the main portal stem and study its development during the second half of pregnancy (paper II), to assess the flow velocity pattern in the left portal vein (paper III), and to determine the distribution of venous blood supply within the liver and explore the impact of maternal and fetal factors (paper IV). MATERIAL AND METHODS: After informed written consent, 160 women with low-risk pregnancies were recruited to a longitudinal study according to a protocol approved by the Regional Committee for Research Ethics (REK-Vest 04/3837). 4-5 ultrasound examinations, each lasting 60 minutes, were done at four weeks intervals between 20 and 40 weeks of gestation. At each session the inner diameter was measured in: 1. the intraabdominal portion of the umbilical vein, 2. the ductus venosus, 3. the main portal stem, and 4. the left portal vein. In the same vessels, time-averaged maximum flow velocties were measured by Doppler ultrasound. Volume blood flow was calculated and normalised for fetal weight. Mean and percentile curves were constructed using regression analysis and multi-level modelling. The impact of maternal and fetal factors on liver blood flow was investigated by deviance statistics. RESULTS: The established longitudinal reference ranges for ductus venosus flow velocities and waveform indices allow the calculation of conditional percentiles, which are narrower and commonly shifted compared to those of the entire population (Paper I). Blood flow in the main portal stem was pulsatile in 99%. Both diameter and flow velocities doubled during the observation period. Correspondingly, blood flow increased throughout gestation, and so did flow, normalised for fetal weight (Paper II). Flow velocities in the left portal branch increased throughout gestation. We found pulsatile flow in 69%, usually directed towards the right lobe. However, intermittent flow reversal occurred during respiratory movements, and continuous reversal in 8% of the observations close to term (Paper III). Total venous liver flow increased throughout gestation, while normalised flow decreased. Lobe specific flow distribution was stable during gestation directing 60% of the total venous liver flow to the left and 40% to the right lobe. The umbilical vein was the dominating venous blood source, but the portal fraction grew during the last trimester. Venous liver flow and its components were related to birthweight, while lobe specific flow and fractional flow distribution to the lobes were related to pregnancy weight gain (Paper IV). CONCLUSION: We have established longitudinal reference ranges for all components of venous liver supply and the ductus venosus in the human fetus. The reference ranges for ductus venosus velocimetry are appropriate for serial measurements, especially when conditional terms are applied (Paper I). The present established technique of assessing flow in the main portal stem had a high success rate and could be used to show an increasing hemodynamic importance of the main portal stem towards term (Paper II). The umbilico-portal watershed is usually situated in the right liver lobe, but may shift towards the left portal vein even in circulatory uncompromised fetuses. The time-averaged maximum flow velocity is suggested for the evaluation of the umbilico-portal watershed (Paper III). The relationship between venous liver flow and birth weight may indicate a link between liver perfusion and fetal growth. The growing portal fraction of the total venous blood flow signifies the high circulatory priority given to the splanchnic circulation close to term. The relationship between low pregnancy weight gain and the distributional shift in favour of left liver lobe perfusion may be part of an adaptation to various intrauterine environments (Paper IV). Mon, 25 Jun 2007 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2391 Title: World Forum on human rights. A human rights-based approach to poverty eradication: strategies and experiences from the field <br/> <br/>Authors: Øyen, Else Wed, 28 Apr 2004 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2390 Title: Women who cross borders – black magic? a critical discourse analysis of the Norwegian newspaper coverage of Nigerian women in prostitution in Norway <br/> <br/>Authors: Jahnsen, Synnøve Økland <br/> <br/>Abstract: In some of Norway’s biggest cities; Oslo, Bergen and Stavanger there has been reported an increased number of foreign women in prostitution (Pro Senteret 20062). The increase of foreign women in prostitution has led to changes within the local prostitution scene, due to the fact that women who support their drug abuse by prostitution has left the market or become less visible.3 It has also led to changes in the public discussion of prostitution. The media repeatedly describe the phenomenon by using words such as “explosions”, “invasions” and “floods” of “foreign prostitutes” or “foreign whores” who are controlled by “foreign criminals” and mafia-like organisations, something which escalated into a “whore-war”. It has especially been the Nigerian group of women who have received massive media attention, as media could report an increase from two Nigerian women in 2003, to approximately four hundred by 2006. Nigerian women were described as more visible, not only because of their ethnicity, but also because they behaved different than other groups of women. The public outcry especially escalated when the prostitution scene became an increasingly visible element in Oslo’s parade street Karl Johan. Nigerian women in prostitution, were in the public eye presented, in every way possible, as being a “matter out of place” (Douglas 1996), and as doing the wrong things at the wrong places. Sun, 29 Oct 2006 22:58:59 GMT http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2389 Title: Bortenfor horisonten : ”Enemy Combatant” og den sikkerhetspolitiske diskurs <br/> <br/>Authors: Skog, Robert <br/> <br/>Abstract: Denne masteroppgaven handler om begrepet "enemy combatant", dens mulighetsbetingelser og betydning i den amerikanske sikkerhetspolitiske diskursen og den globale krigen mot terror. Siktemålet er å demonstrere at det er i ferd med å utvikles en forvaltningsdimensjon på utsiden av de juridiske forvaltningsstrukturer som har preget de vestlige samfunn siden 1600 tallet. En praksis som kan minne om middelalderens forvisning, men som er teknologisk langt mer gjennomgripende i sin forvaltning av individet. Oppgavens underliggende tema er maktkonstellasjoner og kunnskapsrelasjoner. Det handler om menneskerettigheter og kroppens betydning i et spenningsfelt mellom den liberale ideen om kroppens ukrenkelighet og et konservativt forsvar for statens behov for stabilitet og sikkerhet. Den diskursanalytiske tilnærming, slik den fremlegges av Michel Foucault, har en naturlig plass i det ovennevnte tema, og vil da også være den metode jeg anvender gjennom mine undersøkelser. Fokuset for analysen er det amerikanske sikkerhetspolitiske område og de diskurser, relevant for problemstillingen, som krysser eller tangerer dette virkelighetsfeltet. En slik kryssende og tangerende diskurs er en vi kan kalle menneskerettsdiskursen. Disse er både samsvarende og motstridende og i deres maktfelt flyter en rekke begreper som gir innhold og anledning til ulike praksiser. Så som relasjonen mellom "krigsfangen" og "terroristen", mellom "terror" og "asymmetrisk krigføring" og det vell av kunnskap og muligheter man finner mellom "Geneve konvensjonene" og "Patriot Act". Disse diskurser og begreper møtes og foredles gjennom det virkelighetsfeltet den globale krigen mot terror utgjør. I denne samlingen av begreper og diskursiv utveksling kan "enemy combatant" konstrueres. Tue, 29 May 2007 22:58:59 GMT