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| 1 : | mark | 1 | \relax |
| 2 : | \bibstyle{plain} | ||
| 3 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {1}Introduction}{5}} | ||
| 4 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 5 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 6 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {part}{I\hspace {1em}Data Centre Science}{7}} | ||
| 7 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {2}Safety and responsibility in the Lab}{9}} | ||
| 8 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 9 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 10 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.1}General Laboratory Safety Rules}{9}} | ||
| 11 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.2}Electrical Safety Guidelines}{10}} | ||
| 12 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.3}Electrical Emergency Response}{10}} | ||
| 13 : | \citation{white1} | ||
| 14 : | \citation{lisa93157} | ||
| 15 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {2.4}Handling equipment}{11}} | ||
| 16 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {3}Power in the lab}{13}} | ||
| 17 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 18 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 19 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.1}Power Interference: wireless signals and computer power supplies}{14}} | ||
| 20 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.1}Power in DC circuits}{14}} | ||
| 21 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.2}AC circuits: `clean' power}{14}} | ||
| 22 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.3}AC circuits, clipped and dirty power}{16}} | ||
| 23 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {3.1.4}Some jargon}{16}} | ||
| 24 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {3.2}Earth/Ground}{17}} | ||
| 25 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {4}Cooling and Airflow}{19}} | ||
| 26 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 27 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 28 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.1}Heat and temperature}{19}} | ||
| 29 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.1.1}Conduction and Convection}{20}} | ||
| 30 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.2}Melting temperatures}{20}} | ||
| 31 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {4.3}Strategy for heat transfer}{21}} | ||
| 32 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.1}Principles}{21}} | ||
| 33 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {4.3.2}Heat extraction}{21}} | ||
| 34 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {4.1}{\ignorespaces Schematic illustration of air flowing through and around a rack device.}}{22}} | ||
| 35 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {part}{II\hspace {1em}Equipment}{23}} | ||
| 36 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {5}Installing Blade Servers}{25}} | ||
| 37 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 38 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 39 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.1}Switch installation}{25}} | ||
| 40 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.1}{\ignorespaces The empty I/O bay (bay 2) on the rear of the blade chassis.}}{25}} | ||
| 41 : | \newlabel{bay2.eps}{{5.1}{25}} | ||
| 42 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.2}Switch configuration}{25}} | ||
| 43 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.2}{\ignorespaces The switch module is plugged into bay 2.}}{26}} | ||
| 44 : | \newlabel{bay2sw.eps}{{5.2}{26}} | ||
| 45 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {5.3}Installation of Linux}{26}} | ||
| 46 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.3}{\ignorespaces Switch module locks into place.}}{27}} | ||
| 47 : | \newlabel{bay2swin.eps}{{5.3}{27}} | ||
| 48 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.4}{\ignorespaces The installed switch module.}}{27}} | ||
| 49 : | \newlabel{bay2swdone.eps}{{5.4}{27}} | ||
| 50 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.5}{\ignorespaces A blade server, unpacked.}}{28}} | ||
| 51 : | \newlabel{blade1.eps}{{5.5}{28}} | ||
| 52 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.6}{\ignorespaces Quick release pressure points on the side allow the cover to be removed.}}{29}} | ||
| 53 : | \newlabel{openblade.eps}{{5.6}{29}} | ||
| 54 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.7}{\ignorespaces A disk can be plugged in easily.}}{30}} | ||
| 55 : | \newlabel{insertdisk.eps}{{5.7}{30}} | ||
| 56 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.8}{\ignorespaces A filler blade is removed to allow insertion of the server into the blade chassis.}}{30}} | ||
| 57 : | \newlabel{emptybay.eps}{{5.8}{30}} | ||
| 58 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.9}{\ignorespaces The blade server slide in, with locking clamps extended.}}{31}} | ||
| 59 : | \newlabel{insert.eps}{{5.9}{31}} | ||
| 60 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.10}{\ignorespaces A single blade server locked in place.}}{31}} | ||
| 61 : | \newlabel{inplace.eps}{{5.10}{31}} | ||
| 62 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.11}{\ignorespaces Six blades installed. Note that the filler blades should be in place in the empty bays, in order to regulate the airflow through the cavity. If the fillers are not inserted, too much air is sucked through the opening, missing the actual blade servers.}}{32}} | ||
| 63 : | \newlabel{fullbay.eps}{{5.11}{32}} | ||
| 64 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.12}{\ignorespaces Blades are activated by a power button, underneath the cover. A keyboard, screen and CDROM switch also allow selection of the common managment resources.}}{32}} | ||
| 65 : | \newlabel{powerbutton.eps}{{5.12}{32}} | ||
| 66 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.13}{\ignorespaces Blades powered up.}}{33}} | ||
| 67 : | \newlabel{poweron.eps}{{5.13}{33}} | ||
| 68 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.14}{\ignorespaces BIOS boot screen from the powered blade.}}{33}} | ||
| 69 : | \newlabel{bios.eps}{{5.14}{33}} | ||
| 70 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.15}{\ignorespaces The web interface on 192.168.70.125 of the management console. Select I/O modules, Task management, Bay 2 and the Advanced Management option.}}{34}} | ||
| 71 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.16}{\ignorespaces Entering the switch module management interface. Select, for instance, the EXT1 interface, i.e. interface number 1 on the switch module we installed in Bay 2. Note the dashboard and configure switches at the top of the screen. Some options are only allowed in configure.}}{35}} | ||
| 72 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {5.17}{\ignorespaces Inside the Advanced Management of the swicth, enable an external port for connecting the blade server chassis to an external switch or router. Enable external port and management of external port.}}{36}} | ||
| 73 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {part}{III\hspace {1em}Planning for High Volume Services}{37}} | ||
| 74 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {6}Designing an application architecture}{39}} | ||
| 75 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 76 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 77 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.1}Failure modes and redunancy}{39}} | ||
| 78 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.1}{\ignorespaces Load balaning is a tricky matter if one is looking for redundancy. A load balancer is a tree -- which is a structure with many intrinsic points of failure and bottlenecks.}}{39}} | ||
| 79 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.2}{\ignorespaces Redundancy folk theorem.}}{39}} | ||
| 80 : | \newlabel{folkth}{{6.2}{39}} | ||
| 81 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {6.3}{\ignorespaces Minimum redundancy strategy}}{40}} | ||
| 82 : | \newlabel{room}{{6.3}{40}} | ||
| 83 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {6.2}Basic queueing theory for capacity planning}{40}} | ||
| 84 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.1}The Poisson assumption}{40}} | ||
| 85 : | \citation{paxson2} | ||
| 86 : | \citation{paxson3} | ||
| 87 : | \citation{paxson4} | ||
| 88 : | \citation{leland2} | ||
| 89 : | \citation{cao2} | ||
| 90 : | \citation{hopcroft1} | ||
| 91 : | \citation{burgessbook2} | ||
| 92 : | \citation{jain1} | ||
| 93 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.2}$M/M/s$ queues}{41}} | ||
| 94 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.3}Flow laws in the continuum approximation}{42}} | ||
| 95 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {6.2.4}Little's Law}{42}} | ||
| 96 : | \citation{burgessbook2} | ||
| 97 : | \citation{jain1} | ||
| 98 : | \citation{queues1} | ||
| 99 : | \citation{queues2} | ||
| 100 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {7}Capacity Planning}{45}} | ||
| 101 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 102 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 103 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.1}Simple queue estimates}{45}} | ||
| 104 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.2}Peak load handling}{47}} | ||
| 105 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {7.3}Power and cooling}{47}} | ||
| 106 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.1}Connection}{47}} | ||
| 107 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.2}Power saving}{47}} | ||
| 108 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.3}UPS - Uninterruptible Power Supply}{47}} | ||
| 109 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {7.3.4}Building design}{47}} | ||
| 110 : | \citation{jain1} | ||
| 111 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {8}Performance Measurement and Benchmarking}{49}} | ||
| 112 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 113 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 114 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.1}Planning}{49}} | ||
| 115 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {8.2}Common mistakes}{49}} | ||
| 116 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {part}{IV\hspace {1em}Load Balancing}{51}} | ||
| 117 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {9}DNS Load Balancing}{53}} | ||
| 118 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 119 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 120 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.1}Load Balancing}{53}} | ||
| 121 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.2}DNS-based Load Balancing}{53}} | ||
| 122 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.3}Configuring BIND}{54}} | ||
| 123 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.4}Dynamical DNS Zones}{55}} | ||
| 124 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.5}Configuring PowerDNS}{55}} | ||
| 125 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {9.6}Exercises}{56}} | ||
| 126 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {chapter}{\numberline {10}Server Load Balancing}{57}} | ||
| 127 : | \@writefile{lof}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 128 : | \@writefile{lot}{\addvspace {10\p@ }} | ||
| 129 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.1}Overview}{57}} | ||
| 130 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.2}\textbf {Part One:} Experimental Setup}{57}} | ||
| 131 : | \@writefile{lof}{\contentsline {figure}{\numberline {10.1}{\ignorespaces Experimental Setup: This drawing shows how you can setup an environment for doing load balancing in the lab. In this setup we have gigabit speeds from the client to the blades.}}{58}} | ||
| 132 : | \newlabel{lab-overview}{{10.1}{58}} | ||
| 133 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.1}Configuration - Alteon Application Switch}{58}} | ||
| 134 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.2}Baystack Switch}{59}} | ||
| 135 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.3}IBM blades}{59}} | ||
| 136 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.2.4}Client}{59}} | ||
| 137 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.3}\textbf {Part Two:} Testing Performance}{59}} | ||
| 138 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.3.1}Benchmarking Algorithms}{59}} | ||
| 139 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.3.2}Scalability}{59}} | ||
| 140 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {subsection}{\numberline {10.3.3}Experiment vs. Queueing models (HARD)}{59}} | ||
| 141 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {section}{\numberline {10.4}Important Considerations}{60}} | ||
| 142 : | \@writefile{toc}{\contentsline {part}{V\hspace {1em}Clusters}{61}} | ||
| 143 : | \@input{cluster-gen-tore.aux} | ||
| 144 : | \bibdata{LISAbib} | ||
| 145 : | \bibcite{burgessbook2}{1} | ||
| 146 : | \bibcite{cao2}{2} | ||
| 147 : | \bibcite{queues1}{3} | ||
| 148 : | \bibcite{hopcroft1}{4} | ||
| 149 : | \bibcite{jain1}{5} | ||
| 150 : | \bibcite{leland2}{6} | ||
| 151 : | \bibcite{lisa93157}{7} | ||
| 152 : | \bibcite{paxson3}{8} | ||
| 153 : | \bibcite{queues2}{9} | ||
| 154 : | \bibcite{white1}{10} | ||
| 155 : | \bibcite{paxson2}{11} | ||
| 156 : | \bibcite{paxson4}{12} |
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