\entry{UNIX}{5}{UNIX}
\entry{UNIX history}{5}{UNIX history}
\entry{DOS}{5}{DOS}
\entry{shell}{6}{shell}
\entry{perl}{6}{perl}
\entry{C}{6}{C}
\entry{Windows on PC}{6}{Windows on PC}
\entry{MacIntosh}{6}{MacIntosh}
\entry{PC windows}{6}{PC windows}
\entry{AT&T}{7}{AT&T}
\entry{BSD}{7}{BSD}
\entry{System V}{7}{System V}
\entry{System 5}{7}{System 5}
\entry{Making directories}{8}{Making directories}
\entry{mkdir}{8}{mkdir}
\entry{apropos}{8}{apropos}
\entry{Finding commands}{8}{Finding commands}
\entry{Help function for commands}{8}{Help function for commands}
\entry{Never do in unix}{8}{Never do in unix}
\entry{undelete}{9}{undelete}
\entry{delete}{9}{delete}
\entry{core}{9}{core}
\entry{test programs}{9}{test programs}
\entry{test, don't call your program this}{9}{test, don't call your program this}
\entry{Commands as files}{9}{Commands as files}
\entry{Built in commands}{9}{Built in commands}
\entry{shell}{9}{shell}
\entry{Commands path}{9}{Commands path}
\entry{PATH}{9}{\code {PATH}}
\entry{path}{9}{\code {path}}
\entry{kernel}{9}{kernel}
\entry{shell}{9}{shell}
\entry{Bourne shell}{10}{Bourne shell}
\entry{sh}{10}{\file {sh}}
\entry{C shell}{10}{C shell}
\entry{csh}{10}{\file {csh}}
\entry{tcsh}{10}{tcsh}
\entry{bash}{10}{bash}
\entry{ksh}{10}{ksh}
\entry{Role of C in unix}{10}{Role of C in unix}
\entry{C, role in unix}{10}{C, role in unix}
\entry{Wrapper functions}{10}{Wrapper functions}
\entry{C library calls and shell commands}{10}{C library calls and shell commands}
\entry{Shell commands and C library calls}{10}{Shell commands and C library calls}
\entry{Debugger for C}{10}{Debugger for C}
\entry{make}{10}{make}
\entry{lex}{10}{lex}
\entry{yacc}{10}{yacc}
\entry{rpcgen}{10}{rpcgen}
\entry{I/O streams}{10}{I/O streams}
\entry{Standard input}{10}{Standard input}
\entry{Standard output}{10}{Standard output}
\entry{Standard error}{10}{Standard error}
\entry{. directory}{11}{. directory}
\entry{.. directory}{11}{.. directory}
\entry{Error messages}{11}{Error messages}
\entry{root user}{11}{root user}
\entry{superuser}{11}{superuser}
\entry{nobody}{11}{nobody}
\entry{File hierarchy}{11}{File hierarchy}
\entry{Hierarchy, file}{11}{Hierarchy, file}
\entry{Kernel}{12}{Kernel}
\entry{. directory}{12}{. directory}
\entry{.. directory}{12}{.. directory}
\entry{Hard links}{12}{Hard links}
\entry{Soft links}{13}{Soft links}
\entry{Symbolic links}{13}{Symbolic links}
\entry{ln -s}{13}{\code {ln -s}}
\entry{Hard links}{13}{Hard links}
\entry{inodes}{13}{inodes}
\entry{Index nodes}{13}{Index nodes}
\entry{telnet}{15}{telnet}
\entry{Logging on}{15}{Logging on}
\entry{Environment, unix user}{19}{Environment, unix user}
\entry{User environment}{19}{User environment}
\entry{Login environment}{19}{Login environment}
\entry{X-windows}{19}{X-windows}
\entry{Command interpreter}{19}{Command interpreter}
\entry{init}{19}{\emph {init}}
\entry{Environment variables}{19}{Environment variables}
\entry{Wildcards}{19}{Wildcards}
\entry{path}{21}{path}
\entry{Command path}{21}{Command path}
\entry{which command}{21}{which command}
\entry{Environment variables}{21}{Environment variables}
\entry{Global variables}{22}{Global variables}
\entry{Variables, global}{22}{Variables, global}
\entry{Local variables}{22}{Local variables}
\entry{Variables, local}{22}{Variables, local}
\entry{env command}{22}{\code {env} command}
\entry{Wildcards}{22}{Wildcards}
\entry{Joker notation}{22}{Joker notation}
\entry{Matching filenames}{22}{Matching filenames}
\entry{Matching filenames}{22}{Matching filenames}
\entry{Matching strings}{23}{Matching strings}
\entry{Regular expressions}{23}{Regular expressions}
\entry{Expressions, regular}{23}{Expressions, regular}
\entry{egrep command}{23}{\code {egrep} command}
\entry{. in regular expressions}{24}{. in regular expressions}
\entry{{\tt\hat} in regular expressions}{24}{^ in regular expressions}
\entry{$ in regular expressions}{24}{$ in regular expressions}
\entry{[] in regular expressions}{24}{[] in regular expressions}
\entry{* in regular expressions}{24}{* in regular expressions}
\entry{{\tt\char 43} in regular expressions}{24}{+ in regular expressions}
\entry{? in regular expressions}{24}{? in regular expressions}
\entry{Inserting a command into a string}{25}{Inserting a command into a string}
\entry{Result of a command into a string}{25}{Result of a command into a string}
\entry{Getting command output into a string}{25}{Getting command output into a string}
\entry{CTRL-A}{25}{\key {CTRL-A}}
\entry{CTRL-C}{25}{\key {CTRL-C}}
\entry{CTRL-D}{25}{\key {CTRL-D}}
\entry{CTRL-E}{25}{\key {CTRL-E}}
\entry{CTRL-L}{25}{\key {CTRL-L}}
\entry{CTRL-Z}{25}{\key {CTRL-Z}}
\entry{Shells, various}{25}{\key {Shells, various}}
\entry{bash}{25}{bash}
\entry{csh}{25}{csh}
\entry{jsh}{25}{jsh}
\entry{ksh}{25}{ksh}
\entry{sh}{25}{sh}
\entry{sh5}{25}{sh5}
\entry{tcsh}{25}{tcsh}
\entry{zsh}{25}{zsh}
\entry{Terminals}{26}{Terminals}
\entry{Command window}{26}{Command window}
\entry{xterm}{26}{\samp {xterm}}
\entry{shelltool}{26}{\samp {shelltool}}
\entry{cmdtool}{26}{\samp {cmdtool}}
\entry{screen}{26}{\samp {screen}}
\entry{rlogin}{26}{\samp {rlogin}}
\entry{rsh}{26}{\samp {rsh}}
\entry{telnet}{26}{\samp {telnet}}
\entry{ed}{26}{\samp {ed}}
\entry{vi}{26}{\samp {vi}}
\entry{emacs}{26}{\samp {emacs}}
\entry{xemacs}{26}{\samp {xemacs}}
\entry{pico}{26}{\samp {pico}}
\entry{xedit}{26}{\samp {xedit}}
\entry{textedit}{26}{\samp {textedit}}
\entry{ls command}{26}{\samp {ls command}}
\entry{cp command}{26}{\samp {cp} command}
\entry{mv command}{26}{\samp {mv} command}
\entry{Renaming files}{26}{Renaming files}
\entry{Moving files}{26}{Moving files}
\entry{touch command}{26}{\samp {touch} command}
\entry{Creating files}{26}{Creating files}
\entry{Time stamp, updating}{26}{Time stamp, updating}
\entry{Date stamp, updating}{26}{Date stamp, updating}
\entry{Updating file time stamp}{26}{Updating file time stamp}
\entry{rm command}{26}{\samp {rm} command}
\entry{unlink command}{26}{\samp {unlink} command}
\entry{mkdir command}{26}{\samp {mkdir} command}
\entry{Creating directories}{26}{Creating directories}
\entry{Directories, creating}{26}{Directories, creating}
\entry{Directories, deleting}{26}{Directories, deleting}
\entry{rmdir command}{26}{\samp {rmdir} command}
\entry{cat command}{27}{\samp {cat} command}
\entry{PRINTER variable}{27}{\samp {PRINTER} variable}
\entry{lp command}{27}{\samp {lp} command}
\entry{lpr command}{27}{\samp {lpr} command}
\entry{Printing a file}{27}{Printing a file}
\entry{lpq}{27}{\samp {lpq}}
\entry{Printer queue}{27}{Printer queue}
\entry{Printer status}{27}{Printer status}
\entry{lpstat}{27}{\samp {lpstat}}
\entry{more command}{27}{\samp {more} command}
\entry{Viewing a file}{27}{Viewing a file}
\entry{Browsing through a file}{27}{Browsing through a file}
\entry{type in DOS}{27}{\samp {type} in DOS}
\entry{less command}{27}{\samp {less} command}
\entry{nc}{27}{nc}
\entry{mc}{27}{mc}
\entry{Access control}{27}{Access control}
\entry{Granting permission}{27}{Granting permission}
\entry{chmod command}{27}{\samp {chmod} command}
\entry{Changing file mode}{27}{Changing file mode}
\entry{File mode, changing}{27}{File mode, changing}
\entry{chown command}{27}{\samp {chown} command}
\entry{chgrp command}{27}{\samp {chgrp} command}
\entry{Access control lists}{27}{Access control lists}
\entry{ACLs}{27}{ACLs}
\entry{fmgr file manager}{27}{\samp {fmgr} file manager}
\entry{cut command}{27}{\samp {cut} command}
\entry{paste command}{27}{\samp {paste} command}
\entry{sed editor}{27}{\samp {sed} editor}
\entry{awk}{27}{\samp {awk}}
\entry{find command}{27}{\samp {find} command}
\entry{locate command}{27}{\samp {locate} command}
\entry{whereis command}{27}{\samp {whereis} command}
\entry{Disk usage.}{28}{Disk usage.}
\entry{du command}{28}{\samp {du} command}
\entry{df command}{28}{\samp {df} command}
\entry{users command}{28}{\samp {users} command}
\entry{finger service}{28}{\samp {finger} service}
\entry{who command}{28}{\samp {who} command}
\entry{w command}{28}{\samp {w} command}
\entry{Sending messages}{28}{Sending messages}
\entry{Messages}{28}{Messages}
\entry{write command}{28}{\samp {write} command}
\entry{mesg}{28}{\samp {mesg}}
\entry{talk service}{28}{\samp {talk} service}
\entry{IRC}{28}{\samp {IRC}}
\entry{Internet relay chat}{28}{Internet relay chat}
\entry{Mail clients}{28}{Mail clients}
\entry{elm mailer}{28}{\samp {elm} mailer}
\entry{pine mailer}{28}{\samp {pine} mailer}
\entry{rmail in emacs}{28}{\samp {rmail} in emacs}
\entry{zmail client}{28}{\samp {zmail} client}
\entry{File transfer}{28}{File transfer}
\entry{ftp program}{28}{\samp {ftp} program}
\entry{ncftp program}{28}{\samp {ncftp} program}
\entry{Compilers}{29}{Compilers}
\entry{cc}{29}{\samp {cc}}
\entry{CC}{29}{\samp {CC}}
\entry{gcc}{29}{\samp {gcc}}
\entry{g{\tt\char 43}{\tt\char 43}}{29}{\samp {g++}}
\entry{ld loader/linker}{29}{\samp {ld} loader/linker}
\entry{ar archiver}{29}{\samp {ar} archiver}
\entry{dbx debugger}{29}{\samp {dbx} debugger}
\entry{Debugger}{29}{Debugger}
\entry{gdb debugger}{29}{\samp {gdb} debugger}
\entry{xxgdb}{29}{\samp {xxgdb}}
\entry{Debugger GUI}{29}{Debugger GUI}
\entry{TCL}{29}{\samp {TCL}}
\entry{scheme}{29}{scheme}
\entry{Mercury}{29}{Mercury}
\entry{ps command}{29}{\samp {ps} command}
\entry{vmstat virtual memory stats}{29}{\samp {vmstat} virtual memory stats}
\entry{netstat network statistics}{29}{\samp {netstat} network statistics}
\entry{rpcinfo}{29}{\samp {rpcinfo}}
\entry{showmount}{29}{\samp {showmount}}
\entry{Mounted file systems}{29}{Mounted file systems}
\entry{System details}{29}{\samp {System details}}
\entry{Operating system name}{29}{Operating system name}
\entry{System name}{29}{System name}
\entry{hostname command}{29}{\samp {hostname} command}
\entry{domainname command}{29}{\samp {domainname} command}
\entry{Domainname}{29}{Domainname}
\entry{nslookup command}{29}{\samp {nslookup} command}
\entry{Internet resources}{30}{Internet resources}
\entry{archie program}{30}{\samp {archie} program}
\entry{FTP resources, finding}{30}{FTP resources, finding}
\entry{Finding FTP files}{30}{Finding FTP files}
\entry{xarchie client}{30}{\samp {xarchie} client}
\entry{xrn news reader}{30}{\samp {xrn} news reader}
\entry{fnews news reader}{30}{\samp {fnews} news reader}
\entry{mosaic}{30}{\samp {mosaic}}
\entry{Postscript viewers}{30}{Postscript viewers}
\entry{Text formatting}{30}{Text formatting}
\entry{tex}{30}{\samp {tex}}
\entry{latex}{30}{\samp {latex}}
\entry{Hypertext}{30}{Hypertext}
\entry{texinfo system}{30}{\samp {texinfo} system}
\entry{dvi to postscript}{30}{dvi to postscript}
\entry{ghostview postscript previewer}{30}{\samp {ghostview} postscript previewer}
\entry{ghostscript {\tt\char 34}GNU postscript{\tt\char 34} interpreter}{30}{\samp {ghostscript} "GNU postscript" interpreter}
\entry{Picture processing}{30}{Picture processing}
\entry{xv picture processor}{30}{\samp {xv} picture processor}
\entry{gif}{30}{gif}
\entry{jpg}{30}{jpg}
\entry{tiff}{30}{tiff}
\entry{xpaint program}{30}{\samp {xpaint} program}
\entry{Painting program}{30}{Painting program}
\entry{xfig drawing program}{30}{\samp {xfig} drawing program}
\entry{Drawing program}{30}{Drawing program}
\entry{Background picture}{30}{\samp {Background picture}}
\entry{date command}{30}{\samp {date} command}
\entry{Time and date}{30}{Time and date}
\entry{Spelling checker}{30}{Spelling checker}
\entry{Calculator, X windows}{30}{Calculator, X windows}
\entry{Calculator, shell}{30}{Calculator, shell}
\entry{Sonar ping}{30}{\samp {Sonar} ping}
\entry{Testing reponse from other hosts.}{30}{Testing reponse from other hosts.}
\entry{tty}{31}{tty}
\entry{Teletype terminal}{31}{Teletype terminal}
\entry{xterm program}{31}{xterm program}
\entry{rlogin program}{31}{rlogin program}
\entry{X window system}{31}{X window system}
\entry{X protocol}{32}{X protocol}
\entry{X display}{32}{X display}
\entry{Display, X}{32}{Display, X}
\entry{.xsession file}{32}{.xsession file}
\entry{Setting up the x environment}{32}{Setting up the x environment}
\entry{DISPLAY variable}{33}{DISPLAY variable}
\entry{X display}{33}{X display}
\entry{X windows authentification}{33}{X windows authentification}
\entry{X windows access}{33}{X windows access}
\entry{xhost mechanism}{33}{xhost mechanism}
\entry{Xauthority mechanism}{34}{Xauthority mechanism}
\entry{X access control}{34}{X access control}
\entry{Screens}{34}{Screens}
\entry{Multiple screens}{34}{Multiple screens}
\entry{Access to files}{37}{Access to files}
\entry{Permissions on files}{37}{Permissions on files}
\entry{Access rights}{37}{Access rights}
\entry{File access permission}{37}{File access permission}
\entry{groups}{37}{groups}
\entry{/etc/group}{37}{\file {/etc/group}}
\entry{File protection bits}{37}{File protection bits}
\entry{Protection bits}{37}{Protection bits}
\entry{Access bits}{37}{Access bits}
\entry{Long file listing}{37}{Long file listing}
\entry{ls -l}{37}{\code {ls -l}}
\entry{Text form of access bits}{38}{Text form of access bits}
\entry{Access bits, text form}{38}{Access bits, text form}
\entry{Access bits, octal form}{38}{Access bits, octal form}
\entry{chmod command}{38}{\code {chmod} command}
\entry{umask variable}{39}{\code {umask} variable}
\entry{s-bit}{39}{s-bit}
\entry{setuid bit}{39}{setuid bit}
\entry{setgid bit}{39}{setgid bit}
\entry{umask variable}{39}{\code {umask} variable}
\entry{Masking programs executable}{39}{Masking programs executable}
\entry{Executable, making programs}{39}{Executable, making programs}
\entry{chown command}{39}{\code {chown} command}
\entry{chgrp command}{39}{\code {chgrp} command}
\entry{Sticky bit}{40}{Sticky bit}
\entry{s-bit}{40}{s-bit}
\entry{t-bit}{40}{t-bit}
\entry{.cshrc file}{41}{\file {.cshrc} file}
\entry{.login file}{41}{\file {.login} file}
\entry{Login evironment}{41}{Login evironment}
\entry{C shell setup files}{41}{C shell setup files}
\entry{Setting up the C shell}{41}{Setting up the C shell}
\entry{Setting the prompt}{41}{Setting the prompt}
\entry{Prompt, redefining}{41}{Prompt, redefining}
\entry{set command}{42}{\code {set} command}
\entry{Local variables in csh}{42}{Local variables in csh}
\entry{setenv command}{42}{\code {setenv} command}
\entry{Global variables in csh}{42}{Global variables in csh}
\entry{unset command}{42}{\code {unset} command}
\entry{Undefining variables}{42}{Undefining variables}
\entry{Arrays in csh}{43}{Arrays in csh}
\entry{() operators to make array in csh}{43}{() operators to make array in csh}
\entry{Pipes}{43}{Pipes}
\entry{{\tt\char 124} symbol}{43}{\samp {|} symbol}
\entry{Redirection of stdio}{43}{Redirection of stdio}
\entry{Standard I/O, redirection}{43}{Standard I/O, redirection}
\entry{Output, sending to a file}{43}{Output, sending to a file}
\entry{noclobber variable}{44}{\code {noclobber} variable}
\entry{Protecting files from overwrite with {\tt\gtr}}{44}{Protecting files from overwrite with \samp {>}}
\entry{noclobber overwrite protection}{44}{\code {noclobber} overwrite protection}
\entry{Appending to a file with {\tt\gtr}{\tt\gtr}}{44}{Appending to a file with \samp {>>}}
\entry{Formatting text in a file}{45}{Formatting text in a file}
\entry{Printing multiple lines}{45}{Printing multiple lines}
\entry{Input over many lines}{45}{Input over many lines}
\entry{Pipe}{45}{Pipe}
\entry{{\tt\char 124} symbol}{45}{\samp {|} symbol}
\entry{Piping to more to prevent scrolling}{45}{Piping to more to prevent scrolling}
\entry{tee command}{45}{\samp {tee} command}
\entry{Splitting output to several files}{45}{Splitting output to several files}
\entry{Copy of output to file}{45}{Copy of output to file}
\entry{Output to file}{45}{Output to file}
\entry{Command history}{46}{Command history}
\entry{Up arrow}{46}{Up arrow}
\entry{Filename completion}{46}{Filename completion}
\entry{Command completion}{46}{Command completion}
\entry{TAB completion key}{46}{\key {TAB} completion key}
\entry{Single and double quotes}{47}{Single and double quotes}
\entry{' and {\tt\char 34}}{47}{\key {'} and \key {"}}
\entry{Backwards quotes}{47}{Backwards quotes}
\entry{` symbol and embedded shells}{47}{\key {`} symbol and embedded shells}
\entry{Embedded shell}{47}{Embedded shell}
\entry{Job control}{47}{Job control}
\entry{Foreground process}{47}{Foreground process}
\entry{Background process}{47}{Background process}
\entry{find command}{48}{\samp {find} command}
\entry{Processes}{48}{Processes}
\entry{Background process}{48}{Background process}
\entry{Starting shell jobs}{50}{Starting shell jobs}
\entry{fg command}{50}{\samp {fg} command}
\entry{bg command}{50}{\samp {bg} command}
\entry{Job numbers in csh}{50}{Job numbers in csh}
\entry{kill command}{50}{\samp {kill} command}
\entry{Suspending a job}{50}{Suspending a job}
\entry{Moving a job to the background}{50}{Moving a job to the background}
\entry{Job, moving to background}{50}{Job, moving to background}
\entry{Process. moving to background}{50}{Process. moving to background}
\entry{Break key}{51}{Break key}
\entry{Panic button}{51}{Panic button}
\entry{Script, making}{51}{Script, making}
\entry{Making a script}{51}{Making a script}
\entry{Writing a script}{51}{Writing a script}
\entry{#!program sequence}{51}{\samp {#!program} sequence}
\entry{Command line arguments}{51}{Command line arguments}
\entry{Argument vector in csh}{51}{Argument vector in csh}
\entry{argv}{51}{\samp {argv}}
\entry{Arguments, command line}{51}{Arguments, command line}
\entry{foreach example}{52}{\code {foreach} example}
\entry{write example}{52}{\code {write} example}
\entry{Subshells and ()}{52}{Subshells and ()}
\entry{() and subshells}{52}{() and subshells}
\entry{Continuing long lines}{53}{Continuing long lines}
\entry{Long lines, continuing}{53}{Long lines, continuing}
\entry{Tests and conditions in csh}{53}{Tests and conditions in csh}
\entry{if..then..else in csh}{53}{\code {if..then..else} in csh}
\entry{switch..case in csh}{53}{\code {switch..case} in csh}
\entry{Testing files}{53}{Testing files}
\entry{Comparison operators in csh}{54}{Comparison operators in csh}
\entry{Operators in csh}{54}{Operators in csh}
\entry{uname command}{55}{\samp {uname} command}
\entry{System identity and uname}{55}{System identity and \samp {uname}}
\entry{sed, search and replace}{55}{\samp {sed}, search and replace}
\entry{Swapping text strings}{55}{Swapping text strings}
\entry{Make software script}{55}{Make software script}
\entry{Build software script}{55}{Build software script}
\entry{Compiler script}{55}{Compiler script}
\entry{Loops in csh}{56}{Loops in csh}
\entry{foreach}{56}{\code {foreach}}
\entry{repeat}{56}{\code {repeat}}
\entry{while}{56}{\code {while}}
\entry{continue in csh}{57}{\samp {continue} in csh}
\entry{Input in csh}{57}{Input in csh}
\entry{${\tt\less} operator}{57}{\samp {$<} operator}
\entry{breaksw}{57}{\samp {breaksw}}
\entry{Parts of a filename}{58}{Parts of a filename}
\entry{Extracting filename components}{58}{Extracting filename components}
\entry{Arithemtic operations in csh}{59}{Arithemtic operations in csh}
\entry{whoami command}{61}{\samp {whoami} command}
\entry{sleep command}{62}{\samp {sleep} command}
\entry{Bourne shell}{63}{Bourne shell}
\entry{.profile set up in sh}{63}{\file {.profile} set up in sh}
\entry{Global variables in sh}{63}{Global variables in sh}
\entry{Local variables in sh}{63}{Local variables in sh}
\entry{EXPORT command in sh}{63}{\samp {EXPORT} command in sh}
\entry{Standard I/O in sh}{64}{Standard I/O in sh}
\entry{Redirecting stdio in sh}{64}{Redirecting stdio in sh}
\entry{1{\tt\gtr} in sh}{64}{\samp {1>} in sh}
\entry{2{\tt\gtr} in sh}{64}{\samp {2>} in sh}
\entry{2{\tt\gtr}&1 in sh}{64}{\samp {2>&1} in sh}
\entry{Arithemtic in sh}{65}{Arithemtic in sh}
\entry{Scripts in sh, making}{65}{Scripts in sh, making}
\entry{Making scripts in sh}{65}{Making scripts in sh}
\entry{#!program sequence}{65}{\samp {#!program} sequence}
\entry{Command line arguments in sh}{65}{Command line arguments in sh}
\entry{for loop in sh}{65}{\code {for} loop in sh}
\entry{while loop in sh}{65}{\code {while} loop in sh}
\entry{shift operator on strings}{65}{\code {shift} operator on strings}
\entry{Return codes}{66}{Return codes}
\entry{Decisions and return codes in sh}{66}{Decisions and return codes in sh}
\entry{Tests in sh}{66}{Tests in sh}
\entry{test in sh}{67}{\samp {test} in sh}
\entry{[] for test in sh}{67}{\samp {[]} for test in sh}
\entry{if..then..else..fi in sh}{67}{\code {if..then..else..fi} in sh}
\entry{Input in sh}{68}{Input in sh}
\entry{Loops in sh}{69}{Loops in sh}
\entry{while in sh}{69}{\samp {while} in sh}
\entry{until}{69}{\samp {until}}
\entry{IFS variable in sh}{70}{\samp {IFS} variable in sh}
\entry{Redefining list separator in sh}{70}{Redefining list separator in sh}
\entry{Loops and list separators}{70}{Loops and list separators}
\entry{CTRL-D and EOF}{70}{\key {CTRL-D} and EOF}
\entry{End of file CTRL-D}{70}{End of file \key {CTRL-D}}
\entry{Procedures and subroutines in sh}{71}{Procedures and subroutines in sh}
\entry{Signal handler in sh}{71}{Signal handler in sh}
\entry{Interrupt handler in sh}{71}{Interrupt handler in sh}
\entry{Traps in sh}{71}{Traps in sh}
\entry{SetUID scripts}{73}{SetUID scripts}
\entry{Root privileges}{73}{Root privileges}
\entry{Limitations of shell programs}{73}{Limitations of shell programs}
\entry{batch command}{74}{\samp {batch} command}
\entry{at command}{74}{\samp {at} command}
\entry{Perl}{75}{Perl}
\entry{sed batch editor}{75}{\samp {sed} batch editor}
\entry{awk pattern extractor}{75}{\samp {awk} pattern extractor}
\entry{cut}{75}{\samp {cut}}
\entry{paste}{75}{\samp {paste}}
\entry{Perl variables and types}{76}{Perl variables and types}
\entry{Types in perl}{76}{Types in perl}
\entry{Arrays in perl}{76}{Arrays in perl}
\entry{Argument vector in perl}{76}{Argument vector in perl}
\entry{Command line arguments in perl}{76}{Command line arguments in perl}
\entry{Environment variables in perl}{76}{Environment variables in perl}
\entry{`..` in perl}{76}{\samp {`..`} in perl}
\entry{Scalar variables in perl}{77}{Scalar variables in perl}
\entry{Strings in perl}{77}{Strings in perl}
\entry{Perl, strings and scalar}{77}{Perl, strings and scalar}
\entry{Interpretation of values in perl}{77}{Interpretation of values in perl}
\entry{eq and == in perl}{77}{\samp {eq} and \samp {==} in perl}
\entry{Arrays (normal) in perl}{78}{Arrays (normal) in perl}
\entry{Argument vector in perl}{78}{Argument vector in perl}
\entry{Command line arguments in perl}{78}{Command line arguments in perl}
\entry{shift and arrays in perl}{79}{\samp {shift} and arrays in perl}
\entry{shift and arrays}{79}{\samp {shift} and arrays}
\entry{split command}{79}{\samp {split} command}
\entry{split and arrays}{79}{\samp {split} and arrays}
\entry{Arrays and split}{79}{Arrays and \samp {split}}
\entry{Arrays (associated) in perl}{79}{Arrays (associated) in perl}
\entry{Environment variables in perl}{79}{Environment variables in perl}
\entry{For loops in perl}{81}{For loops in perl}
\entry{for loop in perl}{81}{\code {for} loop in perl}
\entry{foreach loop in perl}{81}{\code {foreach} loop in perl}
\entry{if in perl}{81}{\samp {if} in perl}
\entry{unless in perl}{81}{\samp {unless} in perl}
\entry{while in perl}{81}{\samp {while} in perl}
\entry{do..while in perl}{81}{\samp {do..while} in perl}
\entry{For loop}{82}{For loop}
\entry{Foreach loop}{82}{Foreach loop}
\entry{Iteration over arrays}{82}{Iteration over arrays}
\entry{Associated arrays, iteration}{83}{Associated arrays, iteration}
\entry{Iterating over files}{83}{Iterating over files}
\entry{Files, iterating over lines}{83}{Files, iterating over lines}
\entry{Files in perl}{84}{Files in perl}
\entry{Standard I/O in perl}{84}{Standard I/O in perl}
\entry{open command in perl}{84}{\samp {open} command in perl}
\entry{close command in perl}{84}{\samp {close} command in perl}
\entry{{\tt\less}{\tt\gtr} filehandle in perl}{84}{\samp {<>} filehandle in perl}
\entry{File handles in perl}{84}{File handles in perl}
\entry{Cut as a perl script}{84}{Cut as a perl script}
\entry{Paste as a perl script}{84}{Paste as a perl script}
\entry{Truncating strings in perl}{86}{Truncating strings in perl}
\entry{Perl, truncating strings}{86}{Perl, truncating strings}
\entry{chop command in perl}{86}{\samp {chop} command in perl}
\entry{Subroutines in perl}{86}{Subroutines in perl}
\entry{Local variables in perl}{87}{Local variables in perl}
\entry{Parameters in perl functions}{87}{Parameters in perl functions}
\entry{Exiting on errors in perl}{87}{Exiting on errors in perl}
\entry{die}{87}{\samp {die}}
\entry{Errors in perl}{87}{Errors in perl}
\entry{passwd file}{88}{\file {passwd} file}
\entry{Encryption}{88}{Encryption}
\entry{stty and switching off term echo}{88}{\samp {stty} and switching off term echo}
\entry{Terminal echo and stty}{88}{Terminal echo and \samp {stty}}
\entry{Forking new processes}{89}{Forking new processes}
\entry{Database support}{90}{Database support}
\entry{User database support}{90}{User database support}
\entry{sed as a perl script}{93}{\samp {sed} as a perl script}
\entry{Pattern matching in perl}{93}{Pattern matching in perl}
\entry{Pattern replacement in perl}{93}{Pattern replacement in perl}
\entry{Searching and replacing in perl (example)}{94}{Searching and replacing in perl (example)}
\entry{Pattern matching in perl}{95}{Pattern matching in perl}
\entry{CGI protocol}{103}{CGI protocol}
\entry{Mime types in W3}{103}{Mime types in W3}
\entry{Forms in HTML}{103}{Forms in HTML}
\entry{Script aliases in W3}{104}{Script aliases in W3}
\entry{C programming}{115}{C programming}
\entry{Wrappers}{115}{Wrappers}
\entry{Curses}{115}{Curses}
\entry{X windows}{115}{X windows}
\entry{Tk library}{115}{Tk library}
\entry{lex}{115}{\samp {lex}}
\entry{yacc}{115}{\samp {yacc}}
\entry{ANSI C}{116}{ANSI C}
\entry{Kernighan and Ritchie C}{116}{Kernighan and Ritchie C}
\entry{Splitting C into many files.}{117}{Splitting C into many files.}
\entry{extern variables}{117}{\code {extern} variables}
\entry{POSIX standard}{117}{POSIX standard}
\entry{Compiling programs}{117}{Compiling programs}
\entry{Multiple C files, compiling}{117}{Multiple C files, compiling}
\entry{a.out}{117}{\file {a.out}}
\entry{libc}{117}{libc}
\entry{libm}{117}{libm}
\entry{libcurses}{117}{libcurses}
\entry{Library path for C loader}{117}{Library path for C loader}
\entry{-L option to cc}{117}{\samp {-L} option to \code {cc}}
\entry{Include files}{118}{Include files}
\entry{-I option to cc}{118}{\samp {-I} option to \code {cc}}
\entry{Include file search path}{118}{Include file search path}
\entry{Static linking}{118}{Static linking}
\entry{Shared libraries}{118}{Shared libraries}
\entry{ld.so.cache}{119}{\file {ld.so.cache}}
\entry{ldconfig}{119}{\file {ldconfig}}
\entry{Compiling huge programs}{120}{Compiling huge programs}
\entry{Suffix rules in Makefiles}{121}{Suffix rules in Makefiles}
\entry{Dependencies in Makefiles}{121}{Dependencies in Makefiles}
\entry{C{\tt\char 43}{\tt\char 43} suffix rules}{124}{C++ suffix rules}
\entry{Make rules for C{\tt\char 43}{\tt\char 43}}{124}{Make rules for C++}
\entry{The arguement vector in C}{125}{The arguement vector in C}
\entry{Command line arguments in C}{125}{Command line arguments in C}
\entry{envp in C}{125}{\code {envp} in C}
\entry{Environment variables in C}{125}{Environment variables in C}
\entry{Environment variables in C}{125}{Environment variables in C}
\entry{getenv() function}{125}{\code {getenv() function}}
\entry{opendir command}{126}{\code {opendir} command}
\entry{closedir command}{126}{\code {closedir} command}
\entry{readdir command}{126}{\code {readdir} command}
\entry{dirent directory interface}{126}{dirent directory interface}
\entry{Information about file properties}{127}{Information about file properties}
\entry{Statistics about a file}{127}{Statistics about a file}
\entry{stat()}{127}{\code {stat()}}
\entry{lstat()}{127}{\code {lstat()}}
\entry{readlink()}{127}{\code {readlink()}}
\entry{Links, where do they point?}{127}{Links, where do they point?}
\entry{Links in C}{127}{Links in C}
\entry{Macros for stat}{128}{Macros for stat}
\entry{Permissions, determining in C}{128}{Permissions, determining in C}
\entry{File type, determining in C}{128}{File type, determining in C}
\entry{Starting}{132}{Starting}
\entry{Waiting for child processes}{135}{Waiting for child processes}
\entry{wait.h}{135}{\file {wait.h}}
\entry{WTERMSIG(status)}{135}{\code {WTERMSIG(status)}}
\entry{popen()}{135}{\code {popen()}}
\entry{Pipes in C}{135}{Pipes in C}
\entry{Opening a pipe in C}{135}{Opening a pipe in C}
\entry{ioctl()}{145}{\code {ioctl()}}
\entry{Lexer}{147}{Lexer}
\entry{Parser}{147}{Parser}
\entry{yacc}{147}{\samp {yacc}}
\entry{Sockets}{151}{Sockets}
\entry{TCP/IP}{151}{TCP/IP}
\entry{INADDR{\_}ANY}{151}{\code {INADDR_ANY}}
\entry{Byte order}{151}{Byte order}
\entry{Network byte order}{151}{Network byte order}
\entry{Big endian}{151}{Big endian}
\entry{Little endian}{151}{Little endian}
\entry{gethostbyname()}{153}{\code {gethostbyname()}}
\entry{socket()}{153}{\code {socket()}}
\entry{connect()}{153}{\code {connect()}}
\entry{send()}{154}{\code {send()}}
\entry{recv()}{154}{\code {recv()}}
\entry{bind()}{155}{\code {bind()}}
\entry{listen()}{155}{\code {listen()}}
\entry{accept()}{155}{\code {accept()}}
\entry{Reliable socket protocol}{157}{Reliable socket protocol}
\entry{NIS}{159}{NIS}
\entry{Network information service}{159}{Network information service}
\entry{Network databases}{159}{Network databases}
\entry{Database maps}{159}{Database maps}
\entry{getpwnam()}{160}{\code {getpwnam()}}
\entry{getpwuid()}{160}{\code {getpwuid()}}
\entry{getgrnam()}{160}{\code {getgrnam()}}
\entry{gethostent()}{160}{\code {gethostent()}}
\entry{getnetgrent()}{160}{\code {getnetgrent()}}
\entry{getservbyname()}{160}{\code {getservbyname()}}
\entry{getservbyport()}{160}{\code {getservbyport()}}
\entry{DNS}{160}{DNS}
\entry{The domain name service}{160}{The domain name service}
\entry{BIND}{160}{BIND}
\entry{Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)}{160}{Berkeley Internet Name Domain (BIND)}
\entry{Fully qualified name}{161}{Fully qualified name}
\entry{gethostbyname()}{161}{\code {gethostbyname()}}
\entry{NFS and C support}{162}{NFS and C support}