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\unnumbchapentry{Foreword}{1}
\unnumbchapentry{Welcome}{3}
\chapentry{Overview}{1}{5}
\secentry{What is unix?}{1}{1}{5}
\secentry{Flavours of unix}{1}{2}{7}
\secentry{How to use this reference guide}{1}{3}{7}
\secentry{NEVER-DO's in UNIX}{1}{4}{8}
\secentry{What you should know before starting}{1}{5}{9}
\subsecentry{One library: several interfaces}{1}{5}{1}{9}
\subsecentry{Unix commands are files}{1}{5}{2}{9}
\subsecentry{Kernel and Shell}{1}{5}{3}{9}
\subsecentry{The role of C}{1}{5}{4}{10}
\subsecentry{Stdin, stdout, stderr}{1}{5}{5}{10}
\secentry{The superuser (root) and \emph {nobody}}{1}{6}{11}
\secentry{The file hierarchy}{1}{7}{11}
\secentry{Symbolic links}{1}{8}{13}
\secentry{Hard links}{1}{9}{13}
\chapentry{Getting started}{2}{15}
\secentry{Logging in}{2}{1}{15}
\secentry{Mouse buttons}{2}{2}{16}
\secentry{E-mail}{2}{3}{16}
\secentry{Simple commands}{2}{4}{17}
\secentry{Text editing and word processing}{2}{5}{17}
\chapentry{The login environment}{3}{19}
\secentry{Shells}{3}{1}{19}
\subsecentry{Shell commands generally}{3}{1}{1}{20}
\subsecentry{Environment and shell variables}{3}{1}{2}{21}
\subsecentry{Wildcards}{3}{1}{3}{22}
\subsecentry{Regular expressions}{3}{1}{4}{23}
\subsecentry{Nested shell commands and ``}{3}{1}{5}{24}
\secentry{UNIX command overview}{3}{2}{25}
\subsecentry{Important keys}{3}{2}{1}{25}
\subsecentry{Alternative shells}{3}{2}{2}{25}
\subsecentry{Window based terminal emulators}{3}{2}{3}{26}
\subsecentry{Remote shells and logins}{3}{2}{4}{26}
\subsecentry{Text editors}{3}{2}{5}{26}
\subsecentry{File handling commands}{3}{2}{6}{26}
\subsecentry{File browsing}{3}{2}{7}{27}
\subsecentry{Ownership and granting access permission}{3}{2}{8}{27}
\subsecentry{Extracting from and rebuilding files}{3}{2}{9}{27}
\subsecentry{Locating files}{3}{2}{10}{27}
\subsecentry{Disk usage.}{3}{2}{11}{28}
\subsecentry{Show other users logged on}{3}{2}{12}{28}
\subsecentry{Contacting other users}{3}{2}{13}{28}
\subsecentry{Mail senders/readers}{3}{2}{14}{28}
\subsecentry{File transfer}{3}{2}{15}{28}
\subsecentry{Compilers}{3}{2}{16}{29}
\subsecentry{Other interpreted languages}{3}{2}{17}{29}
\subsecentry{Processes and system statistics}{3}{2}{18}{29}
\subsecentry{System identity}{3}{2}{19}{29}
\subsecentry{Internet resources}{3}{2}{20}{30}
\subsecentry{Text formatting and postscript}{3}{2}{21}{30}
\subsecentry{Picture editors and processors}{3}{2}{22}{30}
\subsecentry{Miscellaneous}{3}{2}{23}{30}
\secentry{Terminals}{3}{3}{31}
\secentry{The X window system}{3}{4}{31}
\subsecentry{The components of the X-window system}{3}{4}{1}{31}
\subsecentry{How to set up X windows}{3}{4}{2}{32}
\subsecentry{X displays and authority}{3}{4}{3}{33}
\secentry{Multiple screens}{3}{5}{34}
\chapentry{Files and access}{4}{37}
\secentry{Protection bits}{4}{1}{37}
\secentry{chmod}{4}{2}{38}
\secentry{Umask}{4}{3}{39}
\subsecentry{Making programs executable}{4}{3}{1}{39}
\subsecentry{chown and chgrp}{4}{3}{2}{39}
\subsecentry{Making a group}{4}{3}{3}{39}
\secentry{s-bit and t-bit (sticky bit)}{4}{4}{40}
\chapentry{C shell}{5}{41}
\secentry{.cshrc and .login files}{5}{1}{41}
\secentry{Defining variables with set, setenv}{5}{2}{42}
\secentry{Arrays}{5}{3}{43}
\secentry{Pipes and redirection in csh}{5}{4}{43}
\secentry{\samp {tee} and \samp {script}}{5}{5}{45}
\secentry{Command history}{5}{6}{46}
\secentry{Command/filename completion}{5}{7}{46}
\secentry{Single and double quotes}{5}{8}{47}
\secentry{Job control, break key, \samp {fg}, \samp {bg}}{5}{9}{47}
\subsecentry{Unix Processes and BSD signals}{5}{9}{1}{48}
\subsecentry{Child Processes and zombies}{5}{9}{2}{49}
\subsecentry{C-shell builtins: \samp {jobs}, \samp {kill}, \samp {fg},\samp {bg}, break key}{5}{9}{3}{50}
\secentry{Scripts with arguments}{5}{10}{51}
\secentry{Sub-shells ()}{5}{11}{52}
\secentry{Tests and conditions}{5}{12}{53}
\subsecentry{Switch example: configure script}{5}{12}{1}{55}
\secentry{Loops in csh}{5}{13}{56}
\secentry{Input from the user}{5}{14}{57}
\secentry{Extracting parts of a pathname}{5}{15}{58}
\secentry{Arithmetic}{5}{16}{59}
\secentry{Examples}{5}{17}{59}
\chapentry{Bourne shell}{6}{63}
\secentry{.profile}{6}{1}{63}
\secentry{Variables and export}{6}{2}{63}
\secentry{Stdin, stdout and stderr}{6}{3}{64}
\secentry{Arithmetic in sh}{6}{4}{65}
\secentry{Scripts and arguments}{6}{5}{65}
\secentry{Return codes}{6}{6}{66}
\secentry{Tests and conditionals}{6}{7}{66}
\secentry{Input from the user in sh}{6}{8}{68}
\secentry{Loops in sh}{6}{9}{69}
\secentry{Procedures and traps}{6}{10}{71}
\secentry{setuid and setgid scripts}{6}{11}{73}
\secentry{Summary: Limitations of shell programming}{6}{12}{73}
\secentry{Exercises}{6}{13}{74}
\chapentry{Perl}{7}{75}
\secentry{Sed and awk, cut and paste}{7}{1}{75}
\secentry{Program structure}{7}{2}{76}
\secentry{Perl variables}{7}{3}{76}
\subsecentry{Scalar variables}{7}{3}{1}{77}
\subsecentry{The default scalar variable.}{7}{3}{2}{78}
\subsecentry{Array (vector) variables}{7}{3}{3}{78}
\subsecentry{Special array commands}{7}{3}{4}{78}
\subsecentry{Associated arrays}{7}{3}{5}{79}
\subsecentry{Array example program}{7}{3}{6}{80}
\secentry{Loops and conditionals}{7}{4}{81}
\subsecentry{The for loop}{7}{4}{1}{82}
\subsecentry{The foreach loop}{7}{4}{2}{82}
\subsecentry{Iterating over elements in arrays}{7}{4}{3}{82}
\subsecentry{Iterating over lines in a file}{7}{4}{4}{83}
\secentry{Files in perl}{7}{5}{84}
\subsecentry{A simple perl program}{7}{5}{1}{85}
\subsecentry{== and \samp {eq}}{7}{5}{2}{86}
\subsecentry{chop}{7}{5}{3}{86}
\secentry{Perl subroutines}{7}{6}{86}
\secentry{die - exit on error}{7}{7}{87}
\secentry{The \code {stat()} idiom}{7}{8}{87}
\secentry{Perl example programs}{7}{9}{88}
\subsecentry{The passwd program and \samp {crypt()} function}{7}{9}{1}{88}
\subsecentry{Example with \samp {fork()}}{7}{9}{2}{89}
\subsecentry{Example reading databases}{7}{9}{3}{90}
\secentry{Pattern matching and extraction}{7}{10}{92}
\secentry{Searching and replacing text}{7}{11}{93}
\secentry{Example: convert mail to WWW pages}{7}{12}{97}
\secentry{Generate WWW pages automagically}{7}{13}{98}
\secentry{Other supported functions}{7}{14}{100}
\secentry{Summary}{7}{15}{101}
\secentry{Exercises}{7}{16}{101}
\secentry{Project}{7}{17}{101}
\chapentry{WWW and CGI programming}{8}{103}
\secentry{Permissions}{8}{1}{103}
\secentry{Protocols}{8}{2}{103}
\secentry{HTML coding of forms}{8}{3}{103}
\secentry{Perl and the web}{8}{4}{105}
\subsecentry{Interpreting data from forms}{8}{4}{1}{105}
\subsecentry{A complete guestbook example in perl}{8}{4}{2}{109}
\secentry{PHP and the web}{8}{5}{111}
\subsecentry{Embedded PHP}{8}{5}{1}{111}
\subsecentry{PHP and forms}{8}{5}{2}{112}
\chapentry{C programming}{9}{115}
\secentry{Shell or C?}{9}{1}{115}
\secentry{C program structure}{9}{2}{115}
\subsecentry{The form of a C program}{9}{2}{1}{115}
\subsecentry{Macros and declarations}{9}{2}{2}{116}
\subsecentry{Several files}{9}{2}{3}{116}
\secentry{A note about UNIX system calls and standards}{9}{3}{117}
\secentry{Compiling: \samp {cc}, \samp {ld} and \file {a.out}}{9}{4}{117}
\subsecentry{Libraries and \samp {LD_LIBRARY_PATH}}{9}{4}{1}{117}
\subsecentry{Include files}{9}{4}{2}{118}
\subsecentry{Shared and static libraries}{9}{4}{3}{118}
\subsecentry{Knowing about important paths: directory structure}{9}{4}{4}{119}
\secentry{Make}{9}{5}{119}
\subsecentry{Compiling large projects}{9}{5}{1}{120}
\subsecentry{Makefiles}{9}{5}{2}{121}
\subsecentry{New suffix rules for C++}{9}{5}{3}{124}
\secentry{The \code {argv}, \code {argc} and \code {envp} paramters}{9}{6}{125}
\secentry{Environment variables in C}{9}{7}{125}
\secentry{Files and directories}{9}{8}{126}
\subsecentry{opendir, readdir}{9}{8}{1}{126}
\subsecentry{\code {stat()}}{9}{8}{2}{127}
\subsecentry{lstat and readlink}{9}{8}{3}{127}
\secentry{\code {stat()} test macros}{9}{9}{128}
\subsecentry{Example filing program}{9}{9}{1}{129}
\secentry{Process control, \code {fork()}, \code {exec()}, \code {popen()} and system}{9}{10}{130}
\secentry{A more secure \code {popen()}}{9}{11}{136}
\secentry{Traps and signals}{9}{12}{141}
\secentry{Regular expressions}{9}{13}{142}
\secentry{DES encryption}{9}{14}{143}
\secentry{Device control: ioctl}{9}{15}{145}
\secentry{Database example (Berkeley db)}{9}{16}{146}
\secentry{Text parsing tools: \samp {lex} and \samp {yacc}}{9}{17}{147}
\secentry{Exercises}{9}{18}{150}
\chapentry{Network Programming}{10}{151}
\secentry{Socket streams}{10}{1}{151}
\secentry{Multithreading a server}{10}{2}{158}
\secentry{System databases}{10}{3}{159}
\secentry{DNS - The Domain Name Service}{10}{4}{160}
\subsecentry{gethostbyname()}{10}{4}{1}{161}
\secentry{C support for NFS}{10}{5}{162}
\secentry{Exercises}{10}{6}{162}
\chapentry{Summary of programming idioms.}{Appendix{} A}{163}
\unnumbchapentry{Command and Variable Index}{169}
\unnumbchapentry{Concept Index}{173}