Magga, Sigga-Marja 2014: Geahčastagat, olggušteapmi ja albma duoji gáibádus – duodjekontrolla duojáriid vásáhussan. [English summary: The gaze, shunning and demand of proper duodji – the control of duodji as experienced by Saami craft workers.] – Sámi dieđalaš áigečála 2/2014: 29–46.

Ijäs, Johanna Johansen 2014: Bohccobiergu ja niesteboazuskinke – giellaoččodeaddji máná goallossubstantiivvat. [English summary: Noun compounds in North Saami language acquisition.] – Sámi dieđalaš áigečála 2/2014: 7–27.

Kaisa Rautio Helander (váldodoaimm.), Berit Anne Bals Baal,
Vuokko Hirvonen, Johan Klemet Kalstad ja Jussi Ylikoski

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Artihkkalat:

Johanna Johansen Ijäs
Bohccobiergu ja niesteboazuskinke – giellaoččodeaddji máná goallossubstantiivvat
Noun compounds in North Saami language acquisition

Sigga-Marja Magga
Geahčastagat, olggušteapmi ja albma duoji gáibádus – duodjekontrolla duojáriid vásáhussan
The gaze, shunning and demand of proper duodji – the control of duodji as experienced by Saami craft workers

Jussi Ylikoski
Davvisámegiela ‑ráigge – substantiiva, advearba, postposišuvdna vai kásus?
North Saami -ráigge – noun, adverb, postposition or case?

Árvvoštallamat:

Vuokko Hirvonen
Máŋggajienat Sápmi: Seksuála ja sohkabeallenorpmaid čalmmustahtti muitalusaid girjáivuohta

Viečča olles nummira dás.
Download the entire volume here.

Sigga-Marja Magga (Oulu universitehta)

Viečča artihkkala dás (pdf).

Gieđahalan duoji sosiála kontrolla duojáriid vásáhussan. Duoji sosiála kontrolla lea sámi servodaga vuohki buvttadit ja doalahit duodjenorpmaid – servodaga oktasaš oainnuid duodjeárbevierus. Geahčastagaiguin kontrollerejit duojára sosiála ja kultuvrralaš dáidduid, mat dutkamušas gullet oktii duddjondáidduiguin. Olggušteapmi fas sirre duojára dahje su dujiid normatiiva duodjeáddejumi olggobeallái. Albma duoji norbma meroštallá makkár duodji galgá leat. Dákkár dáhpáhusain duojár galgá juoga ládje čilget ja legitimeret iežas kultuvrralaš máhtuid. Duojárat huksejit kontrolla ektui vuostefámu mii lea ealli sámi kultuvrra eaktu. Duoji sosiála kontrolla addá maid duojáriidda signálaid das ahte sii gullet sámeservodahkii vaikko orošedje sámi guovllu olggobealde.

Fáddásánit: sosiála kontrolla, duodji, norbma, geahčastat, olggušteapmi

The gaze, shunning and demand of proper duodji – the control of duodji as experienced by Saami craft workers

This article explores the ways in which Saami craft workers experience the control of duodji (Saami crafts) and what this control means to the Saami community. The term duodji refers to clothes, different kinds of utensils, jewelry, etc. and is a very old tradition among the Saami. Duodji includes a great deal of norms and rules that the Saami communities maintain and control. Craft workers learn to pay heed to this control. The research material in this article is based on three seminar speeches held in 2009 on Saami National Day.

The focus of this article is on the ways in which the Saami control the norms of duodji. One of these is geahčastat, the gaze, which the craft worker feels on their cheeks or back. Craftsmanship is a highly distinguished skill, especially among Saami women. This silent look controls (especially female) craft workers’ Saami cultural and social skills. It contributes to how well the artisan is able to fulfill both practical and communicative needs of the Saami community.

The other way of controlling duodji norms is olggušteapmi, shunning. Shunning can manifest itself in the renaming of duodji with a name that categorizes it outside the traditional duodji. Terminology in Saami relating to duodji is very rich, revolving around the materials but also the processes of the developing duodji. Shunning is rather a harsh form of control, as it has the power of making the craft worker subjected to shunning feel otherness in relation to their society. However,
the control of duodji is not only a negative experience. It can be an indicator of belonging to the Saami community. As long as craft workers experience some kind of control by their fellow Saami, it reasserts their sense of belonging to the Saami community.

Keywords: social control, duodji, norm, gaze, shunning

Árvvoštallojuvvon girji:
Elfrida Bergman & Sara Lindquist (doaimm.): Queering Sápmi – Sámi muitalusat mat rihkkot norpma. Davvisámegiela jorgalus: Lea Simma. [Ubmi]: Qub Förlag 2013. 315 s. ISBN 978-91-981282-1-5.

Árvvoštalli: Vuokko Hirvonen (Sámi allaskuvla)

Viečča árvvoštallama dás (pdf).

Johanna Johansen Ijäs (Sámi allaskuvla)

Viečča artihkkala dás (pdf).

Artihkal guorahallá ovtta vuollel golmmajahkásaš máná goallossubstantiivvaid morfologalaš ráhkadusa. Vuosttaš goallossánit leat registrerejuvvon ovda- ja árramorfologiija gaskasaš sirdásanmuttus go mánná lei jagi ja ovcci mánu boaris, ja morfologalaččat dábálaččamus goallossubstantiivatiippat ihtet máná gillii vuollel bealgoalmmátjahkásažžan. Buot goallossubstantiivvat leat vuollálasti sánit. Eanas dain leat endosentralaččat, muhto soames eksosentralaš sánit leat maid registrerejuvvon. Mearusoassin lea dábálaččat ovttaleksemat substantiiva, muhto mearusoassi sáhttá maid leat ráhkaduvvon guovtti substantiivvas, dahje dat sáhttá leat jogo ovttaleksemat advearba, adjektiiva dahje eará giela sátni. Mearusoassi lea eanas sániin ovttaidlogu nominatiivvas, muhtun sániid mearusoassin lea ovttaid- dahje máŋggaidlogu genetiivahápmi. Mearusoassetiippaid dávjodat mánnái hubmojuvvon gielas korrelere goallossátnetiippaid ihtinortnegiin ja dainna man ollu guđege goallossátnetiippa sánit adnojuvvojit.

Fáddásánit: giellaoččodeapmi, morfologiija, sátneráhkadeapmi, goallosteapmi, goallossubstantiiva, davvisámegiella

Noun compounds in North Saami language acquisition

This article deals with compound nouns in one North Saami-speaking child under the age of three. The first compounds were recorded at age 1 year 9 months, i.e. during the transitional phase between pre- and protomorphology. The most common morphological types of compound nouns appeared in the child’s language before age 2 years 6 months. They are all subordinate compounds. Most are endocentric, but some exocentric words were also noted. The non-head is usually a noun consisting of one lexeme, but the non-head may itself also be a compound made up of two nouns. In some cases, the non-head may be an adverb, an adjective or a word from a language other than Saami. The non-head is usually in the nominative singular. In a few words, however, the non-head is genitive singular or plural. The frequency of various non-heads in child-directed speech corresponds with the order of appearance of different types of compounds in the child’s language. This also correlates well with the amount of different types of compound words used by the child.

Keywords: language acquisition, morphology, word formation, compound, compound noun, North Saami

Jussi Ylikoski (UiT Norgga árktalaš universitehta)

Viečča artihkkala dás (pdf).

Artihkal guorahallá davvisámegiela morfema (‑)ráigge morfologiija, syntávssa ja semantihka earenoamážit dálá čállingielas. Sátnehámit nugo uksaráigge ja bálggesráigge leat dán rádjai analyserejuvvon sihke goallossubstantiivan ja advearban, muhto eanáš báhcán vuđolaš dutkama haga. Viiddes empiralaš dutkanmateriála čájeha, ahte ‑ráigge-loahppasaš sátnehámiin leat iešguđetlágan merrosat mat leat prototiippalaš, normála substantiivvaid merrosat, muhto daid illá sáhttá atnit substantiivva ráigi dahje makkárge advearbbaid mearusin. Davvisámegiela ‑ráigge-hámiid morfosyntáksa ja semantihkka laktásit kásusiidda ja eandalitge báikekásusiidda, man vuođul omd. ráhkadusa dan min boares jođáhatráigge sáhttá álkimusat dulkot nomengihppun, mas substantiiva jođáhat lea ng. prolatiivva kásushámis, man geažusin ‑ráigge sáhttá várrugasat gohčodit. Prolatiivvalaš ‑ráigge almmuha lihkadeami bálgá seamma láhkai go lokatiiva almmuha báikki ja gáldu (dan min boares jođáhagas) dahje illatiiva háltti (dan min boares jođáhahkii).

Fáddásánit: advearbbat, báikekásusat, davvisámegiella, goallossánit, prolatiiva

North Saami –ráigge – noun, adverb, postposition or case?

The article discusses the morphology, syntax and semantics of the previously under- described denominal formations in –ráigge in present-day North Saami. As the topic has been mostly described in occasional dictionary entries but largely ignored in grammatical descriptions, the present article provides an empirical grammatical description of the formations such as uksaráigge ‘through the door’ and bálggesráigge ‘along the path’. In contrast to earlier descriptions that vaguely label these formations as compound nouns or adverbs, detailed morphological, syntactic and semantic analysis suggests that the suffix –ráigge – originating in the genitive-accusative form of the noun ráigi ‘hole, opening’ – has many case-like features that make it look like a modern equivalent of the so-called prolative (‘along, through’) case reconstructed in Proto-Saami. Most importantly, the internal morphosyntax of –ráigge phrases is largely identical to that of ordinary noun phrases headed by nouns in other cases. Sentences like Mon ledjen boahtime Álaheajus siidii dan min boares jođáhatráigge [1sg be.pst.1sg come.prog Álaheadju.loc camp.ill it.genacc 1pl.genacc old reindeer.track.prol] ‘I was returning back home from Álaheadju along the old reindeer track of ours’ dating back to the 19th century suggest that the phenomenon in question has remained largely unchanged for quite some time.

Keywords: adverbs, compound nouns, local cases, North Saami, prolative

Boine, Else Målfrid & Erstad, Inger Helen & Länsman, Anni-Siiri & Saus, Merete 2014: Diehtobádji Sámis – geahččaleapmi ovddidit sámi fágaolbmuid kulturgealbbu. [English summary: The Knowledgeing Workshop in Sápmi – Experiential knowledge as a basis for applying cultural competence in practice.] Sámi dieđalaš áigečála 1/2014: 7–26.

Boine, Else Målfrid & Erstad, Inger Helen & Länsman, Anni-Siiri & Saus, Merete 2014: Diehtobádji Sámis – geahččaleapmi ovddidit sámi fágaolbmuid kulturgealbbu. [English summary: The Knowledgeing Workshop in Sápmi – Experiential knowledge as a basis for applying cultural competence in practice.] Sámi dieđalaš áigečála 1/2014: 7–26.

Boine, Else Målfrid & Erstad, Inger Helen & Länsman, Anni-Siiri & Saus, Merete 2014: Diehtobádji Sámis – geahččaleapmi ovddidit sámi fágaolbmuid kulturgealbbu. [English summary: The Knowledgeing Workshop in Sápmi – Experiential knowledge as a basis for applying cultural competence in practice.] Sámi dieđalaš áigečála 1/2014: 7–26.