Articles and pamphlets

REGION

- Islam general, Middle East interregional - Maghreb - Morocco - Algeria - Tunisia - Libya / Sahara - West Africa, Africa general - Egypt - Sudan - Horn of Africa - East & South Africa - Yemen - The Gulf - Israel/ Palestine - Jordan - Lebanon - Syria - Iraq - Kurdistan - Turkey - Balkans - Caucasus - Central Asia - Iran - Afghanistan - Pakistan - India, South Asia - Indonesia, South-East Asia - Middle Easternerns in the West, Norway - Research aids etc.

Presented by by region.

• Anders Bjørkelo, ‘Den sudanesiske tragedien’ [The Sudanese tragedy], Bergens Tidende, 6.4.2006
  
• Anders Bjørkelo, ‘Landsale contracts as historical sources: Methodology and analysis’, in Land, Literacy and the State in Sudanic Africa, Trenton: The Red Sea Press Inc. 2005, 213-224.
  
• Anders Bjørkelo, ‘Striden om nasjonal identitet i Sudan: Ein arv frå kolonitida?’ [The struggle over national identity in the Sudan: An inheritance from the colonial epoch?], Babylon, tidsskrift om Midtøsten og Nord-Afrika, 4,1, 2006, 58-65.
  
• Frode Fadnes Jacobsen, ‘Mellom Guds allmakt og menneskers karisma: et fokus på to muslimske samfunn, arabiske handelsfolk i Indonesia og beja-nomader i Nord-Sudan’ [Between God’s omnipotence and the charisma of humans: two Muslim societies: Arab traders and beja-nomads in the Northern Sudan], in For Guds skyld? Om etikk og livssynsforankring, Trondheim: Tapir Akademisk Forlag 2004, 157-175.
  
• Kjersti G. Berg and Janne B. Bøe, ‘Koloniseringen av Nil-vannet. Intervju med Terje Tvedt’ [Colonising the Nile. Interview with Terje Tvedt], Babylon, Tidsskrift om Midtøsten og Nord-Afrika, 3, 1, 2006, 104-114.#
  
• Henriette Hafsås, ‘Mellom Egypt og Kush – Historien om C-gruppefolket i Nedre Nubia’ [Between Egypt and Kush – The history of the C-group in Lower Nubia], Riss, 1, 2006 (forthcoming).
  
• Henriette Hafsås, ‘Nødutgravninger i manasirenes land’ [Emergency excavations in the land of the Manasir], Riss, 1, 2006 (forthcoming).
  
• Tomas Hägg, ‘Axumite inscription in Greek 6164 (SNM 24841)’, in The Capital of Kush 2: Meroë Excavations 1973-1984, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2004, 106-108.
  
• Tomas Hägg, ‘Greek inscription of a King of Aksum’, in Sudan: Ancient Treasures. An Exhibition of Recent Discoveries from the Sudan National Museum, London: The British Museum Press 2004, 172-172
  
• Tomas Hägg and A. Lajtar, ‘Catalogue of the Greek Inscriptions in the Sudan National Museum at Khartoum’, Bibliotheca Orientalis, 62, 3-4, 2005, 273-276.
  
• Tomas Hagg and S. G. Richter, ‘Studien zur Christianisierung Nubiens 2003’, Byzantinische Zeitschrift, 98, 1, 2005, 142-144.
  
• Gunnar Håland, ‘The Darfur conflict in evolving politico-economic and socio-cultural contexts’, The International Journal of diversity in organisations, communities & nations, 5, 2006.
  
• Else Johansen Kleppe, ‘Etnohistorie og arkeologisk kildemateriale fra Upper Nile, Sør-Sudan’ [Ethnohistory and archaeological sources from the Upper Nile, South-Sudan], Bergen Museum Årbok 2004, 2005, 43-52.
  
• Anwar Magid, ‘Exploitation of foold-plants in the Early and Middle Holocene Blue Nile area, Sudan and neighbouring areas’, Complutum, 14, 2003, 345-372.
  
• Anwar Magid, ‘The site of Tabot: An old waystation in the Southern Red Sea Hills, Sudan’, in Neueste Feldforschungen im Sudan und Eritrea, Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag 2004.
  
• Leif Manger, Abdalla El Tom El Imam, Omer Egemi and Sara Pantuliano, ‘Options available for dealing with land tenure issues in the Nuba Monutains’, Khartoum, Sudan: United Nations Development Program 2003.
  
• Leif Manger, ‘Building peace in the Sudan: a reflection on local and regional challenges’, in N. Shanmugaratnam (ed.), Between War and Peace: Deprivation and Revival of Livelihoods in Sudan and Sri Lanka, Oxford: James Currey 2006 (fortcoming).
  
• Leif Manger, ‘Capacity building for conflict transformation and peace building in the Sudan’, Khartoum: United Nations Development Program 2005. 30 pp.
  
• Leif Manger, ‘Reflections on war and state and the Sudan’, Social Analysis, 48, 1, 2004 /in Bruce Kapferer (ed.), The State, Sovereignty, War, and Civil Violence in Emerging Global Realities, Critical Interventions, 5, New York: Bergham Books 2004.
  
• Leif Manger, ‘The nature of the state and the problem of a national identity in the Sudan’, in Prospects for Peace, Security and Human Rights in Africa's Horn, Bergen: Fagbokforlaget 2004.
  
• Leif Manger, ‘Understanding resource management in Western Sudan: a critical look at new institutional economics’, in Beyond Territory and scarcity: social, cultural and political aspects of conflicts on natural resource management, Uppsala: Nordiska Afrikainstitutet 2005.
  
• Knut S. Vikør, ‘Sudan’ in Josef Meri (ed.), Medieval Islamic Civilization. An Encyclopedia, New York 2006.
  
• Rex Seán O'Fahey, ‘A distant genocide in Darfur’, Babylon, Tidsskrift for Midtøsten of Nord-Afrika, 2, 2, 2004, 122-126 (earlier published in International Herald Tribune 15 May 2003).
  
• Rex Seán O'Fahey, ‘Does Darfur have a future in the Sudan?’, The Fletcher Forum of World Affairs, 30, 1, 2006, 27-39.
  
• Gunnar Sørbø, ‘Peacebuilding in post-war situations: Lessons for Sudan’, Bergen: Chr. Michelsen Institute, CMI Report 13, 2004.
  
• Liv Tønnesson. ‘A religious belief in democracy: Hassan al-Turabi’s search for democracy within the frame of Islam’, CMI Working Paper, 12, 2006.
  
• Liv Tønnesson, ‘Mannen bak Darfur-Konflikten’ [The man behind the Darfur conflict], Ny Tid, 19, 2006.
  
• Elena Vezzadini, ‘Forgotten nationalism’, Babylon, Tidsskrift om Midt-Østen og Nord-Afrika, 4, 1, 2006, 66-78.
  
• Elena Vezzadini, ‘Nahwa huweia wataniyya: Jamaiat al-Liwa al-Abiad wa nahdat al-qawmia fi al-sudan’ [Shaping a national identity. The White Flag League and the rise of nationalism in the Sudan], ADAB, Journal of the Faculty of Arts, Khartoum University Press, Khartoum, 23, 2005
  
• Abdel Rahman Abakr, 'The Development of the Livestock Sector in the Sudan: a Case Study of Public Policy Analysis', CDS.

• Ahmed Ibrahim Abu Shouk, 'Kordofan from tribes to nazirate', in M. Kevane and E. Stiansen (eds.) Kordofan invaded: Peripheral incorporation and social transformation in Islamic Africa, Leiden 1998, 120-44.
• Ahmed I. Abu Shouk, 'Governors of Kordofan (1821-1955)', Sudanic Africa, 8, 1998, 67-83.
• Ahmed Ibrahim Abu Shouk, 'A Bibliography of the Mahdist State in the Sudan, 1881-1898', Sudanic Africa, 10, 1999, 133-68.
• Ahmed Ibrahim Abu Shouk, 'Al-Imam 'Abd al-Rahman al-Mahdi: Khabir al-munawara al-siyasiya', al-Khartum, Cairo 4-11.5.1999.
• Ahmed Ibrahim Abu Shouk, 'Al-Nazir 'Abd al-Jabbar Husayn Zaki al-Din (1903-1999): Rahil jil bi-kamil malamihihi', al-Khartum, Cairo 24.3.1999.
• Ahmed Ibrahim Abu Shouk, 'The Legal Methodology of the Mahdist Legislation in the Sudan, 1881-1885', Dirasat Sudaniyya, Cairo.
• Ahmed Ibrahim Abu Shouk, 'The Mahdiyya and the People of al-Matamma', Dirasat Sudaniyya, Cairo.
• Ahmed I. Abu Shouk, John O. Hunwick and R.S. O'Fahey, 'A Sudanese Missionary to the United States: Satti Majid, "Shaykh al-Islam in North America" and his encounter with Noble Drew Ali, Prophet of the Moorish Science Temple Movement', Sudanic Africa, 8, 1998, 137-91.

• Munzoul A. Assal, 'A discipline asserting its identity and place: displacement, aid and anthropology in Sudan', Eastern Africa Social Science Research Review, xviii, 1, 2002, 63-96, and in Abdul Ghaffar M. Ahmed (with Munzoul A. Assal, M.A.M. Salih and Idris S. El Hassan), Anthropology in the Sudan: reflections by a Sudanese anthropologist, Utrecht 2002, 95-128.
• Munzoul A. Assal, 'Displacement, aid and the predicament of the anthropologist: some remarks from Sudan', Sudan Studies, xxviii, 2001, 2-27.

• Anders Bjørkelo, 'Some recent efforts to photograph, analyse and publish private papers from the period 1750-1900 in the Northern Sudan', in Proceedings from the Seventh International Conference of the Society for Nubian Studies in Geneva, Switzerland, 3.9.-8.9.90, 1993.
• Anders Bjørkelo, 'Sudan og skrifta på veggen [Sudan and writing on the wall]', Bergens Tidende, 15.2.93.
• Anders Bjørkelo, 'Shandi', in Enclyclopaedia of Islam, ix, Leiden 1997, 300-1.
• Anders Bjørkelo, 'Credit, loans and obligations in the Nineteenth century Sudan', in Geir Atle Ersland and Edgar Hovland (eds.), Festskrift til Historisk institutts 40-års jubileum, Bergen: Dept. of History 1997, 167-84.
• Anders Bjørkelo, 'The territorial unification and administrative divisions of Turkish Sudan, 1821-1855', Sudan Notes and Records, n.s. 1, 1997, 25-46.
• Anders Bjørkelo, 'Islamic contracts in economic transactions in the Sudan', August 1998: http://www.hf.uib.no/smi/pao/bjorkelo.html
• Anders Bjørkelo and Mustafa A. Ali, 'An early extract from the Tabaqat of Wad Dayf Allah', [in Arabic], al-Huruf, 4, Khartoum 1993, 113-24.

• Omar Abdalla Egeimi, 'From adaptation to marginalization. The political ecology of subsistence crisis among the Hadendowa pastoralists of Eastern Sudan', in M.A. Abdel Ghaffar and H.A. Abdel Ati, Mananging scarcity: Human adaptation in East African Drylands, Addis Abeba 1996.

• Sharif Harir, 'Militarization of Conflict, Displacement and the Legitimacy of the State: A Case from Dar Fur - Western Sudan', in Tvedt, Conflicts in the Horn of Africa , 14-26.
• Sharif Harir, 'Recycling the Past in the Sudan', and '"Arab Belt" versus "African Belt": Ethno-political conflict in Dar Fur and the regional cultural factors', in Harir & Tvedt, Short-cut to Decay , 10-69, 144-85.
• Sharif Harir, 'Divided Lands, United "Peoples": the Sudan/Chad Borders from a Zaghawa Perspective'. CDS 1994.
• Sharif Harir, 'Management of scarce resources: Dryland pastoralism among the Zaghawa of Chad and the crisis of the eighties', in M.A. Abdel Ghaffar and H.A. Abdel Ati, Mananging scarcity: Human adaptation in East African Drylands, Addis Abeba 1996..
• Sharif Harir, 'The Mosque and the sacred mountain: duality in local beliefs among the Zaghawa of Northwestern Sudan', in Manger, Muslim Diversity, 200-23.
• Sharif Harir, Kjell Hødnebø and Terje Tvedt, 'A chronology of the Sudan 1972-93', in Harir and Tvedt, Short-cut to Decay , 259-74.
• Sharif Harir and M.A. Mohamed Salih, 'Tribal militias. The genesis of national disintegration', in Harir and Tvedt, Short-cut to Decay , 186-203.

• Albrecht Hofheinz, 'Der Scheich im Über-Ich, oder Haben Muslime ein Gewissen? Zum Prozess der Verinnerlichung schriftislamischer Normen in Suakin im fruhen 19. Jahrhundert', Wuqûf, 7-8 (1992-1993), 461-81.
• Albrecht Hofheinz, 'Letters to Muhammad al-Majdhub', in Thomassen & Radtke, The Letters of Ahmad Ibn Idris, 119-43.
• Albrecht Hofheinz,'The Writings of the Majadhib' and 'The Khatmiyya Tradition', in O'Fahey, Arabic Literature of Africa, 1 , 178-227, 243-76.
• Albrecht Hofheinz, Abu Agla el Husein and R.S. O'Fahey, 'The Sudan', in World Survey of Islamic Manuscripts, III, Leiden/London 1994, 137-54.
• Albrecht Hofheinz, 'Sawakin', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, ix, Leiden 1997, 87-9.
• Albrecht Hofheinz and R.S. O'Fahey, 'Popular Poetry', in O'Fahey, Arabic Literature of Africa, 1 , 73-90.

• Tomas Hägg, 'Magic Bowls Inscribed with an Apostles-and-Disciples Catalogue from the Christian Settlement of Hambukol (Upper Nubia)', Orientalia (Roma), lxii, 4, 1993, 376-99.
• Tomas Hägg, 'Greek in Upper Nubia: An Assessment of the New Material', in Dominique Valbelle (ed.), Actes de la VIIIe Conference Internationale des Etudes Nubiennes. Lille 11-17 Septembre 1994. III. Etudes, Lille 1998, 113-19.
• Tomas Hägg, 'Nubia' in G.W. Bowersock, P. Brown and O. Grabar (eds.), Late Antiquity: A Guide to the Postclassical World, Cambridge, MA 1999, 613-14.

• Kjell Hødnebø, 'Comments on: J. Rowe: Rinderpest in the Sudan 1888-1890: The Mystery of the missing Panzootic', Sudanic Africa, 5, 1994, 166-78.

• Gunnar Håland, 'Beer, Blood and Mother's Milk: The symbolic context of economic behaviour in the society', Sudan Notes and Records, n.s. 2, 1998, 53-76.

• Randi Håland 'Aqualithic sites in the Middle Nile Region', Azania. Journal of the British Institute in Eastern Africa, xxix, 1993.
• Randi Håland, 'Emergence of sedentism: New ways of living, new ways of symbolizing', Antiquity, lxxi/272, 1997, 371-85.
• Randi Håland, 'The Puzzle of the Late Emergence of Domesticated Sorghum in the Nile Valley', in Chris Gosden and Jon Hather (eds.), The Prehistory of Food, London 1999, 397-418.
• Randi Håland, 'The ways of women: Sedentism and the importance of hearth centered activities', in Et hus med mange rom. Vennebok til Bjørn Myhre på 60-årsdagen, Stavanger 1999, 65-82.
• Randi Håland and Anwar A. Magid, 'Introduction', 'Archaeological excavations', and 'Radiocarbon dates', in Håland & Magid, Aqualithic sites, 9-16, 17-29, 47-51.

• Frode Fadnes Jacobsen, 'Noen betraktninger omkring duft, smitte og objektenes iboende essens' [Some reflections on odour, infections and the inherent nature of objects], Norsk Antropologisk Tidsskrift, viii, 3-4, 1997, 177-92.
• Frode Fadnes Jacobsen, 'Interpretations of sickness and misfortune among Beja pastoralists', Anthropology & Medicine, v, 2, 1998, 145-92.

• Else Johansen Kleppe, 'The Funj problem in archaeological perspective', Sudan Notes and Records, n.s. 1, 1997, 1-24.

• Anwar A. Magid, 'The lithic material', 'Plant remains and their implications', in Håland & Magid, Aqualithic sites, 53-83, 147-77.
• Anwar Magid, 'The Development of the Livestock Sector in the Sudan: a Case Study of Public Policy Analysis', Bergen: Centre for Development Studies 1995.
• Anwar Magid, 'Ancient waystations in the southern Red Sea Hills (Sudan): a new discovery', Sudan Notes and Records, n.s. 2, 1998, 1-12.
• Anwar A. Magid and A.H. el Nadi: 'The areas of Aneibis, Abu Barbein and El Damer today', in Håland & Magid, Aqualithic sites, 30-46.
• Anwar A. Magid and K. Krzwinski, 'The method of making positive casts of plant impressions in pottery: a field and laboratory manual, Acta palaeobotanica, xxxv, 1, 1995.
• Anwar A. Magid, K. Krzwinski and R. Pierce: 'Preliminary results of the study of stone structures in the Red Sea Hills', Kush, xvii, 1994.
• Anwar Magid, R.H. Pierce and K. Krzywinski, 'Results of a preliminary survey of stone monuments of the southern Red Sea Hills, Sudan', Kush, 1995.
• Anwar Magid, Richard Holton Pierce, and Knut Krzywinski, 'Results of a preliminary survey of stone monuments in the Red Sea Hills, Sudan', Kush, 17, 1997, 19-32.

• Leif Manger, 'Public Schemes and Local Participation: some remarks on the present situation in the Southern Nuba Mountains Area of the Sudan', Sudan Notes and Records, 1993.
• Leif O. Manger, 'Managing Natural Resources in a Pastoral Community: some issues relating to the Beja of the Red Sea Hills in the Sudan', in H. Secher Marcussen (ed.), Improved Natural Resource Management: the role of the state versus that of the local community, Roskilde 1994 (also in IIED: Issues Paper No. 52, September 1994. London: International Institute for Environment and Development).
• Leif Manger, 'On Becoming Muslim: The construction of identity among the Lafofa Nuba of the Sudan', in Cultural Diversity and Nationbuilding in the Sudan, [n.p.?]: Sudan Studies Association 1995.
• Leif Manger, 'Land Tenure and Pastoral Planning in the Red Sea Hills', Human Adaptations in the East African Drylands, OSSREA and CDS 1995.
• Leif Manger, 'Land tenure and pastoral planning in the Red Sea Hills', in M.A. Abdel Ghaffar and H.A. Abdel Ati (eds.), Mananging scarcity: Human adaptation in East African Drylands, Addis Abeba 1996.
• Leif Manger, 'Making Ends Meet: Some Problems of Viability in Hadendowa Households', and 'The Future of Red Sea Hills Pastoralism: Links and Implications for Planning', in Manger, Survival on Meagre Resources, .
• Leif Manger, 'The future of Red Sea Hills pastoralism: Links and implications for planning', in Manger, Survival on Meagre Resources.
• Leif Manger, 'The Hadendowa Way of Life - Survival of a Cultural Tradition', in Manger, Survival on Meagre Resources:
• Leif Manger, 'Local Resource Management in the Context of Civil War and Genocide: identity, cultural tradition and territory among the nuba of the Sudan', Journal of Social Sciences (Spesial issue on Resource management through indigeneous socio-cultural practices), 1998.
• Leif Manger, 'Pastoralist-State Relationships Among the Hadendowa Beja of Eastern Sudan', Nomadic People: Management Through Indigeneous Socio-Cultural Practices, 1998.
• Leif Manger, 'Muslim Diversity: Local Islam in Global Contexts', in Manger, Muslim Diversity, 1-36.
• Leif Manger, 'On becoming Muslim: The construction of identities among the Lafofa of the Sudan', Muslim Diversity, 224-43.
• Leif Manger, Hassan Abd el Ati, and Ole Reidar Vetaas, 'Vegetation Dynamics in the Red Sea Hills: Continuities and Changes', in Manger, Survival on Meagre Resources,
• Leif Manger, Knut Krzywinski, and Ole Reidar Vetaas, 'The Natural Environment of the Red Sea Hills: Lessons in Variability', in Manger, Survival on Meagre Resources,
• Leif Manger, Salah Shazeli, Adil Mohamed Elkhidir, and Mustafa Mohamen Osman, 'Evalution Report on the Joint Project, Sinkat, Red Sea State - Sudan', Oslo 1996.
• Leif Manger, 'Pastoralist - State Relationships among the Hadenowa Beja of eastern Sudan', Nomadic People, v, 2, 2001.
• Leif Manger, 'Religion, Identities and Politics: Defining Muslim Discourse in the Nuba Mountains in the Sudan', Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, iv, 2001-02. <http://www.uib.no/jais/v004/manger1_prp.pdf>
• Leif Manger, 'The Nuba Mountains: Battlegrounds of identities, cultural traditions and territories', in Niels Kastfedt (ed), Sudanese Society in the Context of Civil War, Copenhagen 2001.

• R.S. O'Fahey, 'Islamic Hegemonies in the Sudan: Sufism, Mahdism and Islamism', in Louis Brenner (ed.), Muslim Identity and Social Change in Sub-Saharan Africa, London & Bloomington 1993, 21-35.
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'Darfur from a historian's perspective', Sudanow, February 1994, 28-33 (interview).
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'The Past in the Present? The issue of the Sharia in the Sudan', in M. Twaddle and Holger Bengt Hansen, Religion and Politics in East Africa, London 1994.
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'Some Recent Sudanese Biographies, Memoirs, and Histories (including Music): A Bibliographical Note', Sudanic Africa, 6, 1995, 137-55.
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'A Hitherto "Unknown" Darfur King-List', Sudanic Africa, 6, 1995, 157-69.
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'Islam and ethnicity in the Sudan', Journal of Religion in Africa, xxvi, 1, 1996, 1-10.
• R.S. O'Fahey, '"His Master's Voice": the Sufis, the Mahdists and Printing', Culture and History, xvi, 1997, 136-44.
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'Defining the Community: the National Islamic Front, its opponents and the Sharia issue', in Suvikki Silvennoinen and Markku Suksi (eds.), Human Rights and Religion: The case of the Sudan, Åbo: Institute for Human Rights 1997, 101-13.
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'Endowment, privilege and estate in the Central and Eastern Sudan', Islamic Law and Society, iv, 3, 1997, 334-51.
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'The Conquest of Darfur, 1873-1882', Sudan Notes and Records, n.s. 1, 1997, 47-67.
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'Richard Hill 1901-1996: Writings', Sudanic Africa, 8, 1997, 1-15.
• R.S. O'Fahey and M.I. Abu Salim, 'A Sudanese in Indonesia. A note on Ahmad Muhammad Surkitti', Indonesia Circle, 59-60, November 1992-March 1993, 68-72.
• R.S. O'Fahey, and A.I. Abu Shouk, 'The Musabba'at of Jugo Jugo: Three Documents', Sudanic Africa, 10, 1999, 49-64.
• R.S. O'Fahey, 'Ali Salih Karrar and Yahya Muhammad Ibrahim, 'The Life and Writings of a Sudanese Historian: Muhammad 'Abd al-Rahim (1878-1966), Sudanic Africa, 6, 1995, 125-36.
• R.S. O'Fahey and Einar Thomassen, 'Letters to Makki b. 'Abd al-'Aziz', in Thomassen & Radtke, The Letters of Ahmad ibn Idris , 11-41.

• Richard Holton Pierce, Anwar A Magid and K. Krzywinski, 'Test excavations in The Southern Red Sea Hills (Sudan): Cultural Linkages to The North', Archeologie du Nil Moyen, vii, 1996, 163-90.

• Endre Stiansen, 'Kampen mot renta' [The struggle against interest], 3. verden-magasinet X, 5, 1995, 30-1.

• Frode Storås, 'Lafon: på savannen sør i Sudan' [Lafofa: on the svannah south in Sudan], in Årbok for Bergen Museum 2001, Bergen 2002.

• Terje Tvedt, 'A partially annotated bibliography on the River Nile' (2 vols), CDS.
• Terje Tvedt, 'Uneven Regional Development in the Sudan: The Role of the Nile Waters', Sudan Notes and Records, 1993.
• Terje Tvedt, 'Consequences of the First World War in the Blue Nile Basin', and 'The river Nile as stick and carrot: changing water policies in the aftermath of the World War I', in Tvedt, Conflicts in the Horn of Africa , 181-202.
• Terje Tvedt, 'The Collapse of the State in the Southern Sudan after the Addis Ababa Agreement. A study of internal causes and the role of the NGOs', in Harir and Tvedt, Short-cut to Decay , 69-104.
• Terje Tvedt, 'The Nile Waters and the Decline of British Imperialism: A History of the Aswan Power and Fertilizer Scheme 1935-1945', Bergen: Centre for Development Studies (SFU publikasjonsserie 6) 1996, 34 pp.
• Terje Tvedt, 'The Collapse of the State in Southern Sudan after the Addis Ababa Agreement. A Study of Internal Causes and the Role Of the NGOs', Bergen: Centre for Development Studies (SFU publikasjonsserie 7) 1996, 50 pp.

• Vibeke Vågenes, 'Evaluation of Two Research Programmes in Gender Research: A Search for a Suitable Approach to the Geography of Gender'. Bergen: Dept. of Geography (Publ. no 187) 1994.
• Vibeke Vågenes, 'Inwardness and outwardness: femininity and masculinity as essence of Hadendowa social organization, Red Sea Hills, Sudan', in Kristian Stokke and Roger Bivand, Investigating the Local: Structure, Place, Agency. Report from a Norwegian National Research Course in Human Geography, Bergen, September 1994, Bergen: Dept. of Geography (Monografier, Serie B, 1) 1995, 91-105.
• Vibeke Vågenes, 'Male Outside and Female Inside - Spatial orientation in the Gender System of Hadendowa, northeast Sudan', Norsk Geografisk Tidsskrift, xlix, 3, 1995, 91-104.

  >> See also West Africa (O'Fahey);
  - also Books: Abu Shouk, Records of Kassala; Abu Salim; Bjørkelo & Abu Shouk, Public Treasure; Eide &al, Fontes 1-4 ; Harir & Tvedt, Shortcut; Håland & Magid, Aqualithic; Jacobsen, Theories of sickness; Krzywinski & Pierce, Deserting the Desert; Manger, Lafofa; Manger &al, Survival; O'Fahey, ALA 1; Thomassen & Radtke, Letters; Tvedt, Bibliography Sudan and Nile;
  - Doctoral dissertations: Abu Shouk, Assal, Egeimi, Hofheinz, Jacobsen, Hødnebø, Kleppe, Stiansen, Sørbø, Vågenes,
  - and Master's theses: Hafsaas, Renate Lunde, Uribe, Njøs, Thune, Tønnessen