Oslo Summer School in Comparative Social Science Studies 2009
Liberation and Participation: Theory and Method for a Social
and Political Community Psychology
Lecturer: Professor
Maritza Montero,
Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas,
Venezuela
Main disciplines: Community Psychology, Social Psychology, Political Psychololgy
Dates: 27 - 31 July 2009
Course Credits: 10 pts (ECTS)
Limitation: 30 participants
Objectives
In this Course, a generative, participatory and critical community social
psychology (CP) as developed in Latin America since the mid-seventies will be
discussed, and comparisons with CP in other parts of the world will be presented.
Emphasis will be put both in the variety of its social and theoretical influences,
as well as in how it has been constructed as a praxis, applying forms of social
intervention informed by a participatory approach and theoretical reflection.
The links with the philosophy of liberation and the psychology of liberation
produced in the mid-eighties will be critically analysed. The methodological
model generated by P. Freire will be illustrated with examples showing how it
has been adopted and transformed in CP in order to create its own paradigm.
Participatory-action research procedures and techniques will be explained. It
will be expected that the students participating will provide similar or contrasting
examples to be analyzed and discussed.
Its objectives are:
- To describe and analyze the social and intellectual conditions, as well
as the cultural aspects leading to the construction of the paradigm sustaining
a community and political line of action and reflection.
- To present its practice, methods and theoretical aspects showing the relation
between them and with other scientific disciplines and philosophy.
- To discuss the ethical and political aspects of community psychology practice
and theory.
- To compare this paradigm with mainstream community psychology, pointing
out differences and similarities or points of encounter.
Basic books/articles for preparation to the course:
- Freire, P. (1993) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Herder &
Herder.
- Martín-Baró, I. (1994) Writings for a liberation psychology,
edited by A. Aron & S. Corne. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Specifically: “Towards a psychology of liberation” and “Challenges
and perspectives for Psychology in Latin America”.
- Orford, J. (2008) Community Psychology.Challenges, Controversies and
Emerging Consensus. Hoboken, US: John Wiley & Son.
- S. Reich; M. Riemer; I. Prilleltensky & M. Montero (Eds.) International
Community Psychology. Theory and Histories (pp.63-98). New York: Springer.
- M. Montero & C. Sonn (2008. In press) The Psychology of Liberation.
Theory and Application. New York: Springer.
LECTURE OUTLINE:
Lecture 1: How a parallel mode of community psychology
was created: Circumstances that impelled and gave way to its production. Critique
of palliating modes of community intervention. The semantic plurality of the
concept of community.
1.1. The evolution of Community Psychology. From
palliative measures to generative processes.
1.2. Definition and conception. Critique of the concept
of community. Cultural influence.
Readings:
- Montero, M. (1996) Parallel lives: Community psychology in Latin America
and the U.S. American Journal of Community Psychology 24 (6): 589-605.
(16 pages).
- Revenson, T. A. & Seidman, E. (2002) Looking Backward and Moving Forward
: Reflections on a Quarter Century of Community Psychology. In Revenson, T.
A.; D’Augelli, A. R.; French, S.E.; Seidman, E.; Shinn, M. & Yoshikawa,
H. (Eds.) Ecological research to promote Social Change (pp. 3-31).
New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. (28 pages).
Lecture 2: (2.1. & 2.2.) Circumstances for the generation of transformative
community psychology. America (North and Latin), Australia, Africa, Asia and
Europe beyond welfare.
Readings:
- Montero, M. & Varas-Díaz, N (2007)Latin American Community Psychology:
Development, Implications and Challenges Within a Social Change Agenda. In
S. Reich; M. Riemer; I. Prilleltensky & M. Montero (Eds.) International
Community Psychology. Theory and Histories (pp.63-98). New York: Springer.
(35 pages).
- Angelique, H. & Culley, M. R. (2007) History and Theory of Community
Psychology: An International Perspective of Community Psychology in the United
States: Returning to Political, Critical, and ecological Roots. In S. Reich;
M. Riemer; I. Prilleltensky & M. Montero (Eds.) International Community
Psychology. Theory and Histories (pp.37-62). New York: Springer. (25
pages).
- Carlquist, E,; Nafstad, H. E. & Blakar, R. (2007) Community Psychology
in a Scandinavian Society: The Case of Norway. In S. Reich; M. Riemer; I.
Prilleltensky & M. Montero (Eds.) International Community Psychology.
Theory and Histories (pp.282-299). New York: Springer. (17 pages).
- Burton, M.; Boyle, S.; Harris, C. & Kagan, C. (2007) Community Psychology
in England. In S. Reich; M. Riemer; I. Prilleltensky & M. Montero (Eds.)
International Community Psychology. Theory and Histories (pp.219-237).
New York: Springer. (18 pages).
Lecture 3:
3.1. Influences in Latin America: The Marxian print. Freire’s
Adult education; Fals Borda’s Critical Sociology. Theory of Dependency.
Reading:
- Freire, P. (1993) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Herder &
Herder.
3.2. Influences in Europe, Australia, South Africa and the US
Reading:
- Revenson, T. A. & Seidman, E. (2002) Looking Backward and Moving Forward
: Reflections on a Quarter Century of Community Psychology. In Revenson, T.
A.; D’Augelli, A. R.; French, S.E.; Seidman, E.; Shinn, M. & Yoshikawa,
H. (Eds.) Ecological research to promote Social Change (pp. 3-31).
New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers (Also included in Lecture 1).
Lecture 4: Paradigm supporting, and characteristics
defining, a generative community psychology. Complexity, paradox and dialogical
approach. Dimensions of the paradigm of critical construction and transformation.
4.1. The construction of the paradigm and its origins.
4.2. Ontological, epistemological, methodological, ethical and political dimensions.
Readings:
- Freire, P. (1993) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Herder
& Herder. Chapter 3.
- Montero, M. (1998) Psychosocial community work as an alternative mode of
political action (The construction and critical transformation of society).
Community, Work & the Family 1(1), 65-78. (13 pages).
Lecture 5: The Interaction between community
psychology and the philosophy and Psychology of Liberation. Common influences.
The ethical and political aspects of community psychology.
5.1. Common aspects and influences.
Readings:
- Montero, M. (2007) The Psychology of Liberation. From Politics to Ethics
and Back. Political Psychology, 28 (5) 517-.534. (17 pages).
- Montero, M, & Sonn, C. (2008 In press) About Liberation and Psychology:
an Introduction. In M. Montero & C. Sonn (Eds.) The Psychology of
Liberation. Theory and Application. (pp. about 10). New York: Springer.
5.2. The Episteme of Relatedness. Otherness.
Readings:
- Dussel, E. (2000). Philosophy of Liberation. Maryland, U.S.: Rowman
& Littlefield. Chapter 5.
- Montero, M. (2003) Relatedness as the Basis for Liberation. International
Journal of Critical Psychology, 9 (pp. 61-74). (13 pages).
Lecture 6: (6.1. & 6.2.) A theoretical model in process,
created from action and reflection. The construction of theory from praxis.
Praxis that informs theory, theory that generates practices.
Readings:
- Montero, M. (2002). On the Construction of Reality and Truth. Towards an
Epistemology of Community Social Psychology. American Journal of Community
Psychology, 30 (4): 571-584. (13 pages).
- Rappaport, J. (2002/1980) In praise of paradox: A Social Policy of Empowerment
Over Prevention. In Revenson, T.A.; D’Augelli, A. R.; French, S.E.;
Hughes, D.L.; Livert, D.; Seidman, E., Shinn, M. & Yoshikawa, H. (Eds.)
A Quarter Century of Community Psychology (pp.121-145). New York:
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. (24 pages).
Lecture 7: Values and principles orienting a
generative community psychology. The expression of the ethical character of
community psychology.
7.1. Values and Principles of Community Psyhology.
Reading:
- Orford, J. (2008) Community Psychology. Challenges, Controversies and
Consensus. Hoboken, US: John Wiley & Son. Part 1, chapter 3: Community
Psychology Core’s Values: Empowerment, Liberation and Social Justice
(pp. 35-66). (31 pages).
7.2. The concept of analectics.
Reading:
- Dussel, E. (2000). Philosophy of Liberation. Maryland, U.S.: Rowman
& Littlefield. Chapter 5. (Also in Lecture 5).
Lecture 8: (8.1. & 8.2.) Methodological aspects: The Use
of Qualitative approach in Community Psychology and Mixing Methods.
Readings:
- Orford, J. (2008) Community Psychology. Challenges, Controversies and
Consensus. Hoboken, US: John Wiley & Son. Part 1, chapter 3: The
Debate over knowledge in Community Psychology: Dissatisfaction with Existing
Methods (pp. 67-97). (30 pages).
- Kelle, U. & Erzberger, C. (2004) Qualitative and Quantitative Methods:
Not in Opposition. In Flick, U.; von Kardoff, E. & Steinke, I. (Eds.)
A Companion to Qualitative Research (pp. 172-177). London: Sage.
(5 pages).
- Hughes, D. L. & Seidman, E. (2002) In Pursuit of a Culturally Anchored
Methodology. In Revenson, T. A.; D’Augelli, A. R.; French, S.E.; Seidman,
E.; Shinn, M. & Yoshikawa, H. (Eds.) Ecological research to promote
Social Change (pp. 243-255). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
(8 pages).
Lecture 9: The concepts of participation and
commitment, the effects of their interrelation. Participatory methods used in
Community Psychology: PAR and other complementary methods.
9.1. Participation and commitment.
Readings:
- Montero, M. (2002) New Horizons for knowledge: The Influence of Citizen
Participation. In L. Jason; C. B. KeysM Y. Suarez-Balcazar; R.R. Taylor &
M. I. Davis (Eds.) Participatory Community Research. Theories and Methods
in Action. (pp. 251-262). Washington: A.P.A. (11 pages).
- Montero, M. (2000) Participation in Participatory Action-Research. Annual
Review of Critical Psychology. (2) Pp. 131-144. (13 pages).
9.2. Participatory Methods. Participatory action-research.
Readings:
- Fals Borda, O. (2001) Participatory (Action) Research in Social Theory:
Origins and Challenges. In P. Reason & H. Bradbury (Eds.) Handbook of
Action Research. Participative inquiry and Practice (pp. 27-37). London: Sage.
(10 pages)
- Montero, M. (2008 In press) Methods for liberation: Critical consciousness
in action (pp. to send. In M. Montero & C. Sonn (Eds.) The Psychology
of Liberation. Theory and Application. New York: Springer.
Lecture 10: (10.1. & 10.2.) Psychosocial
community processes: From naturalization and familiarization, through problematization,
to conscientisation. The action-reflection-action model. Methods for consciemtisation.
Reading:
- Montero, M. (2008. In press) Methods for liberation: Critical consciousness
in action. In M. Montero & C. Sonn (Eds.) The Psychology of Liberation.
Theory and Application. (Already included in lecture 9). New York: Springer.
Total Reading List
- Angelique, H. & Culley, M. R. (2007) History and Theory of Community
Psychology: An International Perspective of Community Psychology in the United
States: Returning to Political, Critical, and ecological Roots. In S. Reich;
M. Riemer; I. Prilleltensky & M. Montero (Eds.) International Community
Psychology. Theory and Histories (pp.37-62). New York: Springer. (25
pages).
- Burton, M.; Boyle, S.; Harris, C. & Kagan, C. (2007) Community Psychology
in England. In S. Reich; M. Riemer; I. Prilleltensky & M. Montero (Eds.)
International Community Psychology. Theory and Histories (pp.219-237).
New York: Springer. (18 pages).
- Carlquist, E,; Nafstad, H. E. & Blakar, R. (2007) Community Psychology
in a Scandinavian Society: The Case of Norway. In S. Reich; M. Riemer; I.
Prilleltensky & M. Montero (Eds.) International Community Psychology.
Theory and Histories (pp.282-299). New York: Springer. (17 pages).
- Fals Borda, O. (2001) Participatory (Action) Research in Social Theory:
Origins and Challenges. In P. Reason & H. Bradbury (Eds.) Handbook
of Action Resarch. Participative inquiry and Practice (pp. 27-37). London:
Sage. (10 pages)
- Freire, P. (1993) Pedagogy of the Oppressed. New York: Herder &
Herder.
- Kelle, U. & Erzberger, C. (2004) Qualitative and Quantitative Methods:
Not in Opposition. In Flick, U.; von Kardoff, E. & Steinke, I. (Eds.)
A Companion to Qualitative Research (pp. 172-177). London: Sage.
(5 pages).
- Hughes, D. L. & Seidman, E. (2002) In Pursuit of a Culturally Anchored
Methodology. In Revenson, T. A.; D’Augelli, A. R.; French, S.E.; Seidman,
E.; Shinn, M. & Yoshikawa, H. (Eds.) Ecological research to promote
Social Change (pp. 243-255). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
(8 pages).
- Montero, M. (1996) Parallel lives: Community psychology in Latin America
and the U.S. American Journal of Community Psychology 24 (6): 589-605.
(16 pages).
- Montero, M. (1998) Psychosocial community work as an alternative mode of
political action (The construction and critical transformation of society).
Community, Work & the Family 1(1), 65-78. (13 pages).
- Montero, M. (2000) Participation in Participatory Action-Research. Annual
Review of Critical Psychology. (2) Pp. 131-144. (13 pages).
- Montero, M. (2002) New Horizons for knowledge: The Influence of Citizen
Participation. In L. Jason; C. B. KeysM Y. Suarez-Balcazar; R.R. Taylor &
M. I. Davis (Eds.) Participatory Community Research. Theories and Methods
in Action. (pp. 251-262). Washington: A.P.A. (11 pages).
- Montero, M. (2002) On the Construction of Reality and Truth. Towards an
Epistemology of Community Social Psychology. American Journal of Community
Psychology, 30 (4): 571-584. (13 pages).
- Montero, M. (2003) Relatedness as the Basis for Liberation. International
Journal of Critical Psychology, 9 (pp. 61-74). (13 pages).
- Montero, M. (2007) The Psychology of Liberation (From Politics to Ethic
and Back). Political Psychology, 28 (5) 517-.534. (17 pages).
- Montero, M. & Varas-Díaz, N (2007) Latin American Community Psychology:
Development, Implications and Challenges Within a Social Change Agenda. In
S. Reich; M. Riemer; I. Prilleltensky & M. Montero (Eds.) International
Community Psychology. Theory and Histories (pp.63-98). New York: Springer.
(35 pages).
- Montero, M, & Sonn, C. (2008 In press) About Liberation and Psychology:
an Introduction. In M. Montero & C. Sonn (Eds.) The Psychology of
Liberation. Theory and Application. (pp. to be sent). New York:
Springer.
- Montero, M. (2008 In press) Methods for liberation: Critical consciousness
in action. In M. Montero & C. Sonn (Eds.) The Psychology of Liberation.
Theory and Application. (pp. to be sent). New York: Springer.
- Montero, M, & Sonn, C. (2008 In press) About Liberation and Psychology:
an Introduction. In M. Montero & C. Sonn (Eds.) The Psychology of
Liberation. Theory and Application. (pp. to be sent). New York:
Springer.
- Orford, J. (2008) Community Psychology. Challenges, Controversies and
Consensus. Hoboken, US: John Wiley & Son. Part 1, chapter 3: Parts
2 and 3 (pp. 35-97). (62 pages).
- Rappaport, J. (2002/1980) In praise of paradox: A Social Policy of Empowerment
Over Prevention. In Revenson, T.A.; D’Augelli, A. R.; French, S.E.;
Hughes, D.L.; Livert, D.; Seidman, E., Shinn, M. & Yoshikawa, H. (Eds.)
A Quarter Century of Community Psychology (pp.121-145). New York:
Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. (24 pages).
- Revenson, T. A. & Seidman, E. (2002) Looking Backward and Moving Forward
: Reflections on a Quarter Century of Community Psychology. In Revenson, T.
A.; D’Augelli, A. R.; French, S.E.; Seidman, E.; Shinn, M. & Yoshikawa,
H. (Eds.) Ecological research to promote Social Change (pp. 3-31).
New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. (28 pages).
Additional Readings Recommended
- Dussel, E. (2000) Philosophy of Liberation. Maryland, U.S.:Rowman
& Littlefield. Chapter 5.
- Freire, P. (1973). Education for Critical Consciousness. New York:
Seabury Press
- Martín-Baró, I. (1994) Writings for a liberation psychology,
edited by A. Aron & S. Corne. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Specifically: “Towards a psychology of liberation” and Challenges
and perspectives for Psychology in Latin America”.
- Montero, M. (1998). Introduction: The Latin American Approach to Community
Psychology. Journal of Community Psychology 26(3): 199-204.
- Moreno, A. (2003) Living and Knowing. A Participatory-Hermeneutic Approach
to Community Psychology. International Journal of Critical Psychology,
9 (pp. 75-91). (16 pages)
The Lecturer
Maritza Montero obtained her Ph.D. at the Centre de Ethnopsichologie et Psychologie
Sociale of the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales of Paris University.
She is Professor of Social Psychology and member of the Academic Committee of
the Graduate Program in Psychology at University Central de Venezuela. Montero
has published extensively in journals in the U.S., Latin America and Europe.
A past Senior Fellow at St. Antony's College, Oxford; Visiting Scholar at the
University of London’s Centre for Multicultural Education, and Maître
de Conferences at the Centre de Recherches sur la Parole, of the Université
de Paris 8, Montero concentrates on three lines of research and action: (1)
political and community psychology, (2) theoretical, epistemological and methodological
aspects in Social Psychology, and (3) political discourse analysis.
She has been President of the International Society of Political
Psychology (2006), and has taught and lectured in academic and research Centres
in France, Germany, Spain, the United Kingdom, Argentina, Australia, Brazil,
Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, México, Paraguay, Peru, Puerto Rico, Uruguay,
and U.S.A.. She is a member of editorial boards of several community and social
psychology journals, including the American Journal of Community Psychology
(where she is a Senior Associate Editor); the Journal of Community Psychology;
Community, Work and Family; the Interamerican Journal of Psychology
and Teoría e Sociedade. In 1995 she received the Inter-American
Psychology Award, and in 2000 she received the Venezuelan National Science Award
(2000).
She has published 84 papers in national and international Journals,
68 chapters in books published in Argentina, Mexico, Puerto Rico, Chile, Colombia,
France, Mexico, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Spain, USA., has co-edited 8 books on
social, community and political psychological topics; edited 3, and published
6 about community psychology (3); social psychology (1) and national identity
(1). Her latest publications in English (2004-2008) are:
- Montero, M. (2008), An Insider’s Look at the Development and Current
State of Community Psychology in Latin America. Journal of Community Psychology,
36 (5) 661-674.
- Montero, M. & Varas Díaz, N. (2007), Latin American Community
Psychology: Development, Implications, and Challenges within a Social Change
Agenda. In I Prilleltensky; Stephanie Reich; M. Riemer & M. Montero (Eds.)
International Community Psychology. Theory and histories. New York,
USA: Springer.
- Montero, M. (2007), The Political Psychology of Liberation. From Politics
to Ethics and Back. Political Psychology, 28 (5) 517-.534.
- Montero, M. & Montenegro, M. (2007), Critical Psychology in Venezuela.
Annual Review of Critical Psychology. 6.
- Moghaddam, F.; Ehrneling, C. & Montero, M. (2007), Toward a conceptual
foundation for global psychology. In M.J. Stevens & U. P. Gielen (Eds.)
Toward a Global Psychology.Theory, Research, Intervention and Pedagogy.
(Pp. 179-206). Mahwah, New Jersey, USA: Lawrence and Erlbaum Associates Publ.
- Montero, M. (2006), Le pouvoir et la psychologie politique de la communauté.
En A. Dorna y J. M. Sabucedo (Coords.) Etudes et chantiers de psychologie
politique (Pp.81-100) Paris: L’Harmattan.
- Montero, M. (2004), New horizons for knowledge: The influence of citizen
participation. In L.A.Jason; C.B. Keys; Y. Suárez-Balcázar;
R.R. Taylor & M. I. Davis (Eds.) Participatory Community Research
(theories and methods in Action) (251-262). Washington, USA: A.P.A..
- Montero, M. (2004), Between Person and Society: Community Psychology’s
Voyage into Complexity. In G. Nelson & I. Prilleltensky (Eds.) Community
Psychology. In pursuit of Liberation and Well-Being.(Pp. 489-501). New
York, USA.: Palgrave-MacMillan.
A new book edited by her and Christopher Sonn, The Psychology of Liberation.
Theory and Applications, will come out in February 2009, published by Springer.
In March 2009, a special section coordinated by her, on Community Psychology
and Politics, will appear at the American Journal of Community Psychology.
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