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PhD course: Science and Technology Studies

TIK, University of Oslo, 9^th-13^th May, 2005

Course Tutors: John Law and Vicky Singleton
Course Administrator: Håkon Skogli

Course formalia:
PhD-course for 20 participants running for one week; 12 hours of lectures + 2 hours of presentation, 1 day group work, preparation and reading of at least 500 pages readings.

Other requirements:
Optional essay of a maximum of 6000 words submitted electronically to course tutor by 31st May for approval. TIK will certify your attendance and any approval of essay. Your home institution will certify earned credits.

Schedule

Lectures and presentations to be held at room 504, 5th floor, Eilert Sundts hus

Monday 9^th May:

16.00-18.00 Session 1: Introduction; and Epistemology, or Science as Culture

Tuesday 10^th May

10.00-12.00 Session 2: Science and Social Interests

13.00-15.00 Session 3: Modest Witness: the Gendering and Classing of Science

Wednesday 11^th May

Group Project work

Thursday 12^th May

9.00-12.00 Session 4: The Social and the Technical: ANT and Heterogeneity/Session 5: Situating Knowing

14.00-16.00 Session 6: Presentations

Friday 13^th May

9.30-11.30 Session 7: Post-Colonial Politics: Ontological Softening

Course Outline

A: THE SCIENCE QUESTION: WHAT IS STS?

1: Introduction; and Epistemology, or Science as Culture

We start with a brief introduction to development of STS - from philosophy of science and sociology of knowledge, through sociology of science to sociology of scientific knowledge.

We then consider how the sociology of scientific knowledge starts from the assumption that science can be understood as culture. We  explore this insight, consider its relation to tacit knowledge, and reflect on some of the epistemological implications of the claim

Key Text

·         Collins, H. M. (1975), 'The Seven Sexes: a Study in the Sociology of a Phenomenon, or the Replication of Experiments in Physics', Sociology, 9: 205-224.

Additional Reading

·         Thomas S. Kuhn (1970), The Structure of Scientific Revolutions, Chicago: Chicago University Press

·         H. M. Collins (1981), 'Son of Seven Sexes: the Social Destruction of a Physical Phenomenon’, Social Studies of Science, 11: 33-62.

·         H. M. Collins. (1974), 'The TEA Set: Tacit Knowledge and Scientific Networks', Science Studies, 4: 165-185.

2: Science and Social Interests

But what is it that shapes knowledge? One likely candidate is: social interests. Here we look at the SSK understanding of the operation of social interests and other forms of social influence

Key Texts

·         Donald MacKenzie (1999), 'Nuclear Missile Testing and the Social Construction of Accuracy, pages 342-357 in Mario Biagioli (ed.), The Science Studies Reader, New York and London: Routledge.

·         Cynthia Cockburn (1999), ‘The Material of Male Power’, pages 177-198 in Donald MacKenzie and  Judy Wajcman (eds), The Social Shaping of Technology, Second Edition, Buckingham and Philadelphia, Open University Press.

Additional Reading

·         David Bloor (1976), Knowledge and Social Imagery, London: Routledge, Chapter 1, pages 1-19.

·         Barry Barnes (1977), Interests and the Growth of Knowledge, London: Routledge, Chapter 1, pages 1-26.

B: FROM THE SCIENCE QUESTION TO THE SOCIETY QUESTION

3: Modest witness: the Gendering and Classing of Science

Is the division between 'truth' and politics' complete? Should it be complete? There are long, for instance Marxist that says that knowledge is intimately related to class, and analogous positions within feminism. In this section of the course we tackle the issue by historically considering the social construction of scientific experiment in the seventeenth century. It was at this moment that many of the 'modernist' assumptions about scientific truth - that it is properly separated and separable from power, were established. If this is the case, then there is nothing natural about this division of labour. And it also, or so it is argued, implies power and gender divisions which we are still seeking to come to terms with, or und, 350 years on.

Key Texts:

·         Shapin, Steven (1984), 'Pump and Circumstance: Robert Boyle's Literary Technology', Social Studies of Science, 14: 481-520.

·         Haraway, Donna J. (1996), 'Modest Witness: Feminist Diffractions in Science Studies', pages 428-441 in Peter Galison and David. J. Stamp (eds), The Disunity of the Sciences: Boundaries, Contexts, and Power, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Additional Reading:

·         Haraway, Donna (1997), Modest Witness @ Second Millennium: femaleMan meets Oncomouse: Feminism and Technology, New York, Routledge.

4: The Social and the Technical: ANT and Heterogeneity

Haraway's analysis in modest witness is power-sensitive in its work as it undoes the 'modern division of labour'. Politics, truth, these are indissolubly linked. Similar dissolutions are to be found in other 'semiotic' versions of STS and social theory. Here we will characterise and consider the epistemological and ontological implications of actor-network theory and its proposal to dissolve all essentialist distinctions, including the division between human and non human.

Key texts:

·         Michel Callon (1999), 'Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of Saint Brieuc Bay,' pages 67-83 in Mario Biagioli (ed.), The Science Studies Reader, New York and London: Routledge.

·         Bruno Latour (1983), ‘Give Me a Laboratory and I will Raise the World’, pages 141-170 in Karin D. Knorr-Cetina and Michael J. Mulkay (eds), Science Observed, Beverly Hills: Sage.

·         John Law (1992), 'Notes on the Theory of the Actor-Network: Ordering, Strategy and Heterogeneity,' Systems Practice 5 179-393. Available online at
http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fss/sociology/papers/law-notes-on-ant.pdf

Additional Reading:

·         Bruno Latour (1999), Pandora’s Hope, Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press

·         John Law (1997), ‘Traduction-Trahison: Notes on ANT’,
http://www.lancs.ac.uk/fss/sociology/papers/law-traduction-trahison.pdf

5: Situating Knowing

But how to think about this? The old model said that there is a world, and that it is the job of science to build a picture of the world. Implied, then, is

·         the detachment of the knower from that world, some kind of 'god's eye view'.

·         And also a capacity to integrate all the knowledge of the world, to see it all in a single picture.

But if knowledge and the world are produced together, and they have political implications, then neither of these assumptions seems sustainable. Donna Haraway offers a particularly powerful feminist-inspired vision of what a 'successor project' to science might look like -a cyborg vision of partial connections rather than totalisations.

·         Donna Haraway (1999), 'Situated Knowledges: the Science Question in
Feminism and the Privilege of Partial Perspective,' pages 172-188 in
Mario Biagioli (ed.), The Science Studies Reader, New York and London: Routledge. Online at: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/rt21/concepts/HARAWAY.html

·         Donna Haraway, 'A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century', pages 149-181 in Donna Haraway (ed.), Simians, Cyborgs and Women: the Reinvention of Nature, London: Free Association Books, 1991. Available online at http://www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/Haraway/CyborgManifesto.html

Additional Reading

·         Vicky Singleton (1996), 'Feminism, Sociology of Scientific Knowledge and Postmodernism: Politics, Theory and Me', Social Studies of Science 23 (2) 227-264

·         Sandra Harding (1986), The Science Question in Feminism, Buckingham, Open University Press, Chapter 6, pages 136-164.

6. Presentations

Students will make presentations of the group project work

C: STS AND POLITICS

7: Post-Colonial Politics: Ontological Softening

Here we consider questions about the character of knowledge systems, linking science to other systems of belief. The distinctions between the two are not very straightforward – except in so far (important exception) Western technoscience is usually dominant and caught up in asymmetrical power relations. In our reading for this class we explore the relations between different science and non-scientific knowledge traditions, and use this in part as a way of examining some of the assumptions that help to frame (and perhaps to distinguish) technoscience:

Key texts:

• Helen Verran (1998), ''Re-Imagining Land Ownership in Australia', Postcolonial Studies, 1: 237-254.
• Helen Verran, ‘Staying True to the Laughter in Nigerian Classrooms’, pp 136-155 in John Law and John Hassard (eds) (1999), Actor-Network Theory and After, London, Routledge.

Notes On The Exercise

This group work will focus on an empirical topic that illustrates, extends, tests, and/or criticises a particular theoretical approach discussed in this course. Examples of such approaches include:

·         enculturation,

·         social interests,

·         gendering and classing of knowledge,

·         actor-network theory,

·         feminist cyborg and technoscience theory,

·         cultural studies and narratives

·         fluidity of objects

Since time and empirical scope are limited you may draw either on your own existing research projects, or on a small empirical study of a location or set of circumstances.

Clearly you will need to

·         agree on a theory (or theories)

·         agree on an empirical topic that appears to be researchable/presentable in the space/time you have available

·         think about how the empirical materials may be gathered, and (crucially) analysed

·         agree on a mode of co-operative working

·         sort out how you are going to bring the various components together to make a presentation

In your presentation you should

·         indicate the topic and the questions you have explored

·         outline your methodological approach

·         describe your major empirical findings

·         indicate the significance of those findings

·         indicate the limitations of the exercise, or what went wrong, but also what went right

·         note how you would do it differently if you were to do it again

·         describe what (if anything!) you have learned as a result of doing it

·         offer points for other members of the course to discuss

Please also note the following

·         this is a group exercise, and intended to explore co-operative modes of working. Think about this, and how to tackle it. (Arguably too much research is individual, though you are welcome to disagree if your want to).

·         it is important to attend to the mode of presenting the outcome to other participants on the course. (Research presentation is extremely important in general!) How are you going to present the research?

·        John and Vicky both firmly believe that research should be fun (at least some of the time!)

General Bibliography

Sources

Barry Barnes and David Edge (eds), (1982), Science in Context: Readings in the Sociology of Science, Milton Keynes: Open University Press

Mario Biagioli (ed.) (1999), The Science Studies Reader, New York and London: Routledge.

Wiebe Bijker, Thomas Hughes and Trevor Pinch (eds) (1987), The Social Construction of Technology, Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press

Donna Haraway (ed.) (1991), Simians, Cyborgs and Women: the Reinvention of Nature, London: Free Association Books.

Donna Haraway (1997), Modest Witness @ Second Millennium: femaleMan meets Oncomouse: Feminism and Technology, New York, Routledge.

Haraway, Donna J. (2003), The Companion Species Manifesto: Dogs, People, and Significant Otherness. Chicago: Prickly Paradigm Press, Chicago University Press

Mary Jacobus, Evelyn Fox Keller and Sally Shuttleworth (eds) (1990), Body/Politics: Women and the Discourses of Science, New York and London: Routledge.

Sheila Jasanoff et.al. (eds) (1995), Handbook of Science and Technology Studies, Thousand Oaks, Cal: Sage.

Bruno Latour (1987), Science in Action, Milton Keynes, Open University Press.

Latour, Bruno (1998), Pandora's Hope: Essays on the Reality of Science Studies, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.

John Law (1994), Organizing Modernity, Oxford, Blackwell.

John Law and John Hassard (eds) (1999), Actor-Network Theory and After, London, Routledge.

Donald MacKenzie and Judy Wajcman (eds) (1999), The Social Shaping of Technology, 2^nd Edition, Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Full Bibliography

Akrich, Madeleine (1992), 'The De-Scription of Technical Objects', pages 205-224 in Wiebe Bijker and John Law (eds), Shaping Technology, Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Akrich, Madeleine, and Bruno Latour (1992), 'A Summary of a Convenient Vocabulary for the Semiotics of Human and Nonhuman Assemblies', pages 259-264 in Wiebe Bijker and John Law (eds), Shaping Technology, Building Society: Studies in Sociotechnical Change, Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press.

Ashford, Janet Isaacs (1998), 'Natural Love', pages 90-102 in Robbie Davis-Floyd and Joseph Dumit (eds), Cyborg Babies: From Techno-Sex to Techno-Tots, New York and London: Routledge.

Ashmore, Malcolm (1989), The Reflexive Thesis, Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Ashmore, Malcolm (1993), 'Behaviour Modification of a Catflap: a contribution to the Sociology of Things', Kennis en Methode, 17: 214-229.

Ashmore, Malcolm, Michael J. Mulkay, and Trevor J. Pinch (1989), Health and Efficiency: a Sociology of Health Care Economics, Milton Keynes: Open University Press.

Barad, Karen (2003), 'Posthumanist Performativity: Toward an Understanding of How Matter Comes to Matter', Signs: Journal of Women in Culture and Society, 28: (3), 801-831.

Barnes, Barry (1977), Interests and the Growth of Knowledge, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Barnes, Barry (1982), T.S.Kuhn and Social Science, London: Macmillan.

Barnes, Barry, and Donald MacKenzie (1979), 'On the Role of Interests in Scientific Change', pages 49-66 in Roy Wallis (ed.),On the Margins of Science: the Social Construction of Rejected Knowledge, 27,Keele: Sociological Review Monograph.

Barnes, Barry, and Steven Shapin (eds) (1979), Natural Order: Historical Studes of Scientific Culture, London and Beverly Hills: Sage.

Barry, Andrew (2001), Political Machines: Governing a Technological Society, London and New York: The Athlone Press.

Barry, Andrew (2002), 'In the middle of the network', pages 142-165 in John Law and Annemarie Mol (eds), Complexities in Science, Technology and Medicine, Durham, N. Ca.: Duke University Press.

Benedikt, Michael (ed.) (1991), Cyberspace: First Steps, Cambridge Mass: MIT Press.

Biagioli, Mario (ed.) (1999), The Science Studies Reader, New York and London: Routledge.

Bijker, Wiebe , Thomas Hughes and Trevor Pinch (eds) (1987), The Social Construction of Technology, Cambridge, Mass, MIT Press

Bloomfield, Brian P., and Theo Vurdubakis (1999), 'The Outer Limits: Monsters, Actor Networks and the Writing of Displacements', Organization, 6, 625-647.

Bloomfield, Brian P., and Theo Vurdubakis (2005), 'The Secret of Yucca Mountain: Reflections on an Object In Extremis', Society and Space, forthcoming.

Bloor, David (1976),Knowledge and Social Imagery, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Braidotti, Rosi (1993), 'Embodiment, Sexual Difference, and the Nomadic Subject', Hypatia, 8: 1-13.

Braidotti, Rosi (1994), Nomadic Subjects: Embodiment and Sexual Difference in Contemporary Feminist Theory, Gender and Culture, New York: Columbia University Press.

Brenna, Brita, John Law, and Ingunn Moser (eds) (1998), Machines, Agency and Desire, TMV Report Series.  Oslo: University of Oslo.

Butler, Judith (1993), Bodies that Matter: on the Discursive Limits of "Sex",New York and London: Routledge.

Callon, Michel (1980),'Struggles and Negotiations to define what is Problematic and what is not: the Sociology of Translation', pages 197-219 in Karin D. Knorr, Roger Krohn, and Richard D Whitley (eds), The Social Process of Scientific Investigation: Sociology of the Sciences Yearbook, 4, Dordrecht and Boston, Mass.: Reidel.

Callon, Michel (1986), 'Some Elements of a Sociology of Translation: Domestication of the Scallops and the Fishermen of Saint Brieuc Bay', pages 196-233 in John Law (ed.), Power, Action and Belief: a new Sociology of Knowledge? Sociological Review Monograph, 32, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul. Reprinted in Biagiolo, Mario (ed.), The Science Studies Reader, New York, Routledge, 1999, pages 66-83.

Callon, Michel (1998), 'An Essay on Framing and Overflowing: Economic Externalities Revisited by Sociology', pages 244-269 in Michel Callon (ed.), The Laws of the Markets, Oxford and Keele: Blackwell and the Sociological Review.

Callon, Michel (1999), 'Actor-Network Theory: the Market Test', pages 181-195 in John Law and John Hassard (eds), Actor Network Theory and After, Oxford and Keele: Blackwell and the Sociological Review.

Callon, Michel (1999), 'Whose Imposture? Physicists at War with the Third Person', Social Studies of Science, 29, 261-286.

Callon, Michel (2002), 'Technology, Politics and the Market, an interview conducted by Andrew Barry and Don Slater', Economy and Society, 31, 285-306.

Callon, Michel, Andrew Barry, and Don Slater (2002), 'Technology, politics and the market: an interview with Michel Callon', Economy and Society, 31, 285 - 306.

Callon, Michel, and Bruno Latour (1981), 'Unscrewing the Big Leviathan: how actors macrostructure reality and how sociologists help them to do so', pages 277-303 in Karin D. Knorr-Cetina and Aaron V. Cicourel (eds), Advances in Social Theory and Methodology: Toward an Integration of Micro- and Macro-Sociologies, Boston, Mass: Routledge and Kegan Paul.

Callon, Michel, and John Law (1995), 'Agency and the Hybrid Collectif', South Atlantic Quarterly, 94: 481-507.

Callon, Michel, and John Law (2005), 'On Qualculation, Agency and Otherness', Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, forthcoming, also available at http://www.comp.lancs.ac.uk/sociology/papers/callon-law-qualculation-agency-otherness.pdf.

Callon, Michel , Cécile  Méadel, and Vololona Rabeharisoa (2002), 'The economy of qualities', Economy and Society, 31, 194 - 217.

Callon, Michel, and Fabian Muniesa (2002), 'Economic Markets as Calculative and Calculated Collective Devices', http://www.coi.columbia.edu/ssf/papers/callon-muniesa.doc,

Callon, Michel, and Vololona Rabeharisoa (2004), 'Gino's Lesson on Humanity', Economy and Society, 33, 1-27.

Clarke, Adele E., and Virginia L. Olesen (eds) (1999), Revisioning Women, Health, and Healing: Feminist, Cultural, and Technoscience Perspectives,New York and London: Routledge.

Clifford, James (1986), 'Introduction', pages 1-26 in James Clifford and George E. Marcus (eds), Writing Culture: the Poetics and Politics of Ethnography, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.

Clifford, James, and George E. Marcus (eds) (1986), Writing Culture: the Poetics and Politics of Ethnography, Berkeley, Los Angeles and London: University of California Press.

Clynes, Manfred, and Nathan Kline (1960), 'Cyborgs and Space', Astronautics, 75-76: 26-27, 74-75.

Cockburn, Cynthia (1985), Machinery of Dominance: Women, Men and Technical Know-how, London: Pluto.

Cockburn, Cynthia (1999), 'The Material of Male Power', pages 177-198 in Donald MacKenzie and Judy Wajcman (eds),The Social Shaping of Technology, Buckingham, Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Cockburn, Cynthia, and Ruža Fürst Dilic (eds) (1994), Bringing Technology Home: Gender and Technology in a Changing Europe, Buckingham and Philadelphia: Open University Press.

Collins, H.M. (1974), 'The TEA Set: Tacit Knowledge and Scientific Networks', Science Studies, 4: 165-185.

Collins, H. M. (1975), 'The Seven Sexes: a Study in the Sociology of a Phenomenon, or the Replication of Experiments in Physics', Sociology, 9: 205-224.

Collins, H.M. (1981a), 'The Place of the "Core Set" in Modern Science: Social Contingency with Methodological Propriety in Science',History of Science, 19: 6-19.

Collins, H.M. (1981b), 'Stages in the Empirical Programme of Relativism',Social Studies of Science, 11: 3-10.

Collins, H.M., and Steven Yearley (1992), 'Epistemological Chicken', pages 301-326 in Andrew Pickering (ed.),Science as Practice and Culture, Chicago: Chicago University Press.

Collins, H.M., and Robert Evans (2002), 'The Third Wave of Science Studies: Studies of Expertise and Experience', Social Studies of Science, 32, 235-296.

Cooke, Miriam, and Angela Woollacott (eds) (1993), Gendering War Talk, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

Cooper, Robert (1992), 'Formal Organization as Representation: Remote Control, Displacement and Abbreviation', pages 254-272 in Mike Reed and M. Hughes (eds), Rethinking Organization, London: Sage.

Cooper, Robert (1993), 'Technologies of Representation', pages 279-312 in Pertti Ahonen (ed.), Tracing the Semiotic Boundaries of Politics, Berlin, : Mouton de Gruyter.

Cussins, Charis (1998a), 'Ontological Choreography: Agency for Women Patients in an Infertility Clinic', pages 166-201 in Marc Berg and Annemarie Mol (eds), Differences in Medicine: Unravelling Practices, Techniques and Bodies, Durham, N.Ca. and London: Duke University Press.

Cussins, Charis M. (1998b), '"Quit Sniveling, Cryo-Baby. We'll Work Out Which One's Your Mama!"', pages 40-66 in Robbie Davis-Floyd and Joseph Dumit (eds), Cyborg Babies: From Techno-Sex to Techno-Tots, New York and London: Routledge. Cockburn, Cynthia (1983), Brothers: Male Dominance and Technological Change, London: Pluto.

Davis-Floyd, Robbie (1998), 'From Technobirth to Cyborg Babies: Reflections on the Emergent Discourse of a Holistic Anthropologist', pages 255-282 in Robbie Davis-Floyd and Joseph Dumit (eds), Cyborg Babies: From Techno-Sex to Techno-Tots, New York and London: Routledge.

Davis-Floyd, Robbie (1998), 'From Technobirth to Cyborg Babies: Reflections on the Emergent Discourse of a Holistic Anthropologist', pages 255-282 in Robbie Davis-Floyd and Joseph Dumit (eds), Cyborg Babies: From Techno-Sex to Techno-Tots, New York and London: Routledge.

Davis-Floyd, Robbie, and Joseph Dumit (eds) (1998), Cyborg Babies: From Techno-Sex to Techno-Tots, New York and London: Routledge.

de Laet, Marianne, and Annemarie Mol (2000), 'The Zimbabwe Bush Pump: Mechanics of a Fluid Technology', Social Studies of Science, 30: 225-263.

Dorn, Michael L. (1998), 'Beyond Nomadism: the Travel Narratives of a "Cripple"', pages 183-206 in Heidi J. Nast and Steve Pile (eds), Places Through the Body,, London: Routledge.

Downey, Gary L., and Joseph Dumit (eds) (1997), Cyborgs and Citadels: Anthropological Inerventions in Emerging Sciences and Technologies, Santa Fe: School of American Research.

Dumit, Joseph (1995), 'Twenty-first-Century PET: Looking for Mind and Morality Through the Eye of Technology', pages 87-128 in George E. Marcus (ed.), Technoscientific Imaginaries: Conversations, Profiles and Memoirs, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Dumit, Joseph, and Robbie Davis-Floyd (1998), 'Cyborg Babies: Children of the Third Millenium', pages 1-18 in Robbie Davis-Floyd and Joseph Dumit (eds), Cyborg Babies: From Techno-Sex to Techno-Tots, New York and London: Routledge.

Dumit, Joseph, and Sylvia Sensiper (1998), 'Living with the "Truths" of DES: Toward an Anthropology of Facts', pages 212-239 in Robbie Davis-Floyd and Joseph Dumit (eds), Cyborg Babies: From Techno-Sex to Techno-Tots, New York and London: Routledge.

Dugdale, Anni (1999), 'Materiality: Juggling Sameness and Difference', pages 113-135 in John Law and John Hassard (eds), Actor Network Theory and After, Oxford: Blackwell and the Sociological Review.

Ellis, Rebecca, and Claire Waterton (2005), 'Caught Between the Cartographic and the Ethnographic Imagination: The Whereabouts of Amateurs, Professionals and Nature in Knowing Biodiversity', Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, forthcoming.

Featherstone, Mike, and Roger Burrows (eds) (1996), Cyberspace/cyberbodies/cyberpunk, London: Sage.

Fischer, Michael M. J. (1995), 'Eye(I)ing the Sciences and Their Signifiers (Language, Tropes, Autobiographers): InterViewing for a Cultural Studies of Science and Technology', pages 42-84 in George E. Marcus (ed.), Technoscientific Imaginaries: Conversations, Profiles and Memoirs, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Foucault, Michel (1979), Discipline and Punish: the Birth of the Prison, Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Gibson, William (1984), Neuromancer, London: Harper Collins.

Gomart, Emilie, and Antoine Hennion (1999), 'A Sociology of Attachment: Music Amateurs and Drug Addicts', pages 220-247 in John Law and John Hassard (eds), Actor Network Theory and After, Oxford.: Blackwell and the Sociological Review.

Gomart, Emilie (2002), 'Methadone: Six Effects in Search of a Substance', Social Studies of Science, 32, 93-135.

Goodfield, June (1981), An Imagined World: a Story of Scientific Discovery, London, Sydney, Melbourne, Auckland, Johannesburg: Hutchison.

Gray, Chris Hables (ed.) (1995), The Cyborg Handbook, New York and London: Routledge.

Grint, Keith, and Rosalind Gill (eds) (1995), The Gender-Technology Relation, London and Bristol, PA: Taylor and Francis.

Grossberg, Lawrence, Cary Nelson, and Paul Treichler (eds) (1992), Cultural Studies, New York and London: Routledge.

Gusterson, Hugh (1991), 'Nuclear War, the Gulf War and the Disappearing Body', Journal of Urban and Cultural Studies, 45-55.

Gusterson, Hugh (1995a), 'Becoming a Weapons Scientist', pages 255-274 in George E. Marcus (ed.), Technoscientific Imaginaries: Conversations, Profiles and Memoirs, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Gusterson, Hugh (1995b), 'Short Circuit: Watching Television with a Nuclear Weapons Scientist', pages 107-117 in Chris Hables Gray (ed.), The Cyborg Handbook, New York and London: Routledge.

Gusterson, Hugh (1998), Nuclear Rites: a Weapons Laboratory at the End of the Cold War, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: California University Press.

Hacker, Sally L. (1989), Pleasure, Power and Technology: Some Tales of Gender, Engineering and the Cooperative Workplace, Boston, London, Sydney, Wellington: Unwin Hyman.

Hacker, Sally L. (1990), "Doing It the hard Way": Investigations of Gender and Technology, Boston, London, Sydney, Wellington: Unwin Hyman.

Hacking, Ian (1999), The Social Construction of What?, Cambridge, Mass. and London: Harvard University Press.

Haraway, Donna (1989), Primate Visions: Gender, Race and Nature in the World of Modern Science, London: Routledge and Chapman Hall.

Haraway, Donna (ed.) (1991), Simians, Cyborgs and Women: the Reinvention of Nature, London: Free Association Books.

Haraway, Donna (1991), 'The Biopolitics of Postmodern Bodies: Constitutions of Self in Immune System Discourse', pages 203-230 in Donna Haraway (ed.), Simians, Cyborgs and Women: the Reinvention of Nature, London: Free Association Books.

Haraway, Donna (1991a), 'A Cyborg Manifesto: Science, Technology and Socialist Feminism in the Late Twentieth Century', pages 149-181 in Donna Haraway (ed.), Simians, Cyborgs and Women: the Reinvention of Nature, London: Free Association Books.
Also available at www.stanford.edu/dept/HPS/Haraway/CyborgManifesto.html

Haraway, Donna (1992), 'The Promises of Monsters: a Regenerative Politics for Inappropriate/d Others', pages 295-337 in Lawrence Grossberg, Cary Nelson, and Paul Treichler (eds), Cultural Studies, New York and London: Routledge.

Haraway, Donna (1994), 'A Game of Cats Cradle: Science Studies, Feminist Theory, Cultural Studies', Configurations, 1: 59-71.

Haraway, Donna J. (1996), 'Modest Witness: Feminist Diffractions in Science Studies', pages 428-441 in Peter Galison and David. J. Stamp (eds), The Disunity of the Sciences: Boundaries, Contexts, and Power, Stanford, California: Stanford University Press.

Haraway, Donna (1997), Modest Witness @ Second Millennium: femaleMan meets Oncomouse: Feminism and Technology, New York, Routledge.

Haraway, Donna J. (1999), 'The Virtual Speculuum in the New World Order', pages 49-96 in Adele E. Clarke and Virginia L. Olesen (eds), Revisioning Women, Health , and Healing, New York and London: Routledge.

Donna Haraway (1999), ‘Situated Knowledges: the Science Question in Feminisim and the Privilege of Partial Perspective,’ pages 172-188 in Mario Biagioli (ed.), The Science Studies Reader, New York and London: Routledge.
Online at: http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/rt21/concepts/HARAWAY.html also in pages 183-201 in Donna Haraway (ed.), Simians, Cyborgs and Women: the Reinvention of Nature, London: Free Association Books.

Harding, Sandra (1986), The Science Question in Feminism,Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Hartsock, Nancy (1985), Money, Sex and Power: Toward a Feminist Historical Materialism,Boston: Northeastern University Press.

Harvey, David (1989), The Condition of Postmodernity: an Enquiry into the Origins of Cultural Change, Oxford: Blackwell.

Hayles, N. Katherine (1990), Chaos Bound: Orderly Disorder in Contemporary Literature and Science, Ithaca: Cornell University Press.

Hayles, N. Katherine (ed.) (1991), Chaos and Order: Complex Dynamics in Literature and Science, Chicago and London: Chicago University Press.

Hayles, N. Katherine (1999), How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature and Informatics, Chicago and London: Chicago University Press.

Harbers, Hans, Annemarie Mol, and Alice Stollmeijer (2002), 'Food Matters: Arguments for an Ethnography of Daily Care', Theory, Culture and Society, 19, 207-226, also available at http://www.philos.rug.nl/~hans/food.html .

Heath, Christian, and Paul Luff (2000), Technology in Action, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

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