http://hdl.handle.net/1956/987 Search the Channel search http://bora.uib.no/simple-search http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2386 Title: Mobbing i arbeidslivet <br/> <br/>Authors: Einarsen, Ståle; Hoel, Helge; Nielsen, Morten Birkeland <br/> <br/>Abstract: En drøfting av hva mobbing er, hvor omfattende det er, hvilke utslag mobbing gir seg og hvikle konsekvenser det får. http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2384 Title: Hvilken betydning har personlige og strukturelle faktorer for gjennomføring av mastergrad? <br/> <br/>Authors: Iversen, Anette Christine; Hetland, Hilde; Wiium, Nora <br/> <br/>Abstract: Med innføring av Kvalitetsreformen fra 2003 har det blitt sterkere fokus på gjennomføring av høyere grad. I denne artikkelen undersøker vi betydning av personlig motivasjon, strukturelle forhold og veileders engasjement for fullføring av mastergrad. Artikkelen er basert på data fra en spørreskjemaundersøkelse gjennomført ved Universitet i Bergen våren 2006. Av de 381 studentene som besvarte spørreskjema (52 % svar) var det 266 studentene som hadde påbegynt studiene i 2003. Av disse studerte 203 på heltid og denne gruppen utgjør materialet i denne undersøkelsen. Studentene ble delt inn i to grupper: fullført og ikke fullført. I gruppen fullført har vi inkludert studenter som har levert innen 5-6 semester. Resultatene viser at 70% av studentene som påbegynte masterstudier i 2003, hadde fullført innen våren 2006, blant disse hadde 38.6% fullført innen normert tid. En kombinasjon av personlig motivasjon og strukturelle forhold ser ut til å være av betydning for fullføring av mastergrad. Personlig målsetting, det at studentene synes det var viktig å fullføre på normert tid, hadde signifikant betydning, likeså veileders målsetting. Også hyppighet av veiledning var av signifikant betydning. Av strukturelle forhold var det å ha masteroppgaven som en del av et forskningsprosjekt av signifikant betydning for fullføring. http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2383 Title: The fourth international conference on bullying and harassment in the workplace. Proceedings. <br/> <br/>Authors: Einarsen, Ståle (ed.); Nielsen, Morten Birkeland (ed.) http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2382 Title: Skrivegruppa for PhD-kandidatar under biomaterialparaplyen <br/> <br/>Authors: Høl, Paul Johan http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2381 Title: Et brutalt arbeidsmiljø? : en undersøkelse av mobbing, konflikter og destruktiv ledelse i norsk arbeidsliv <br/> <br/>Authors: Einarsen, Ståle; Tangedal, Målfrid; Skogstad, Anders; Matthiesen, Stig Berge; Aasland, Merethe Schanke; Nielsen, Morten Birkeland; Bjørkelo, Brita; Glasø, Lars; Hauge, Lars Johan http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2369 Title: Learning environment, students’ coping styles and emotional and behavioural problems <br/> <br/>Authors: Thuen, Elin Marie <br/> <br/>Abstract: One of the main purposes of the present thesis was to investigate to what extent associations between learning environment factors and emotional and behavioural problems could be influenced or accounted for by variations in personal characteristics. This was based on previous research which had stated that the associations between perceived learning environment and behavioral and emotional outcomes had primarily been identified at the individual level. Students’ coping styles were included in the thesis as measurements of personal characteristics. A further purpose of the study was to explore the extent to which different learning environment factors were associated with off-task-orientation, emotional problems and externalising problems. In addition to exploring how students’ coping styles could influence the relationship between learning environment factors and emotional and behavioural problems, investigating the direct associations between students’ coping styles and emotional and behavioral problems were also of interest. Two data sources were used: a survey conducted in 1998 among 2006 9th grade students in a representative sample of Norwegian municipalities and a one group pretest-posttest design study linked to a restructuring of the learning environment in a Norwegian secondary school of 350 students. The restructuring itself provided us with an opportunity to investigate the aims of the thesis adopting an approach other than the survey study. The results indicate that the way students usually cope with academic and social stress at school is related to their reports of emotional and behavioural problems, and, in general, a similar relationship pattern was found for the ten per cent of students with the most serious problems. These results indicate that students’ coping styles are good predictors of emotional and behavioural problems. With regard to the examination of the degree to which the associations between learning environment factors and emotional and behavioural problems could be influenced or accounted for by students’ coping styles, the results showed that one third of the variance learning environment factors accounted for in emotional and behavioural problems had also been accounted for by students’ coping styles. This may indicate that the associations between learning environment factors and emotional and behavioural problems to some degree could be reflections of students’ coping styles in that coping styles affect or color students’ perceptions of the learning environment or that students contribute to the shaping of the learning environment through their coping styles. Finally, the results showed that the learning environment factors still accounted for a substantial amount of the variances in emotional and behavioural problems when controlling for students’ coping style. About two-thirds of the covariance explained by learning environment factors in the variances in emotional and behavioural problems were explained solely by learning environment factors. The unique effect of learning environment factors on variances in off-task-orientation, externalising problems and emotional problems was 22%, 13% and 4%, respectively. The results indicate that most of the learning environment factors are related to emotional and behavioural problems. However, some of the learning environment factors emerge as stronger predictors of emotional and behavioural problems than the others. Among these, emotional support from teachers and perceptions of the meaningfulness of schoolwork stand out the most. http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2242 Title: Cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease : profiles and implications for prognosis <br/> <br/>Authors: Janvin, Carmen Cristea <br/> <br/>Abstract: Objectives: The main objective of the present thesis was to explore cognitive impairment in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD), focussing on non-demented patients and elucidating cognitive profile, the course and predictive power of cognitive impairment for the development of dementia. Methods: The sample of 139 patients with PD was drawn from an epidemiological study of PD performed in Rogaland County, Norway in 1993. In 1997, the survivors performed a baseline evaluation consisting of neurological, psychiatric and neuropsychological assessments. They were re-assessed 4 years later with the same test-battery. A group of 38 healthy elderly controls performed the same neuropsychological test battery at baseline, in order to obtain normative data. PD was diagnosed according to explicit and generally accepted criteria based on clinical examination. The cognitive assessment consisted of a battery of neuropsychological tests assessing visual memory (Benton Visual Retention Test, multiple choice version), visuospatial abilities (Judgement of Line Orientation), and executive functions (Stroop Word Test), as well as of two screening instruments: the Mini Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Dementia Rating Scale (DRS). Dementia in PD was diagnosed according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 3rd edition, revised (DSM- III-R) criteria based on a semi-structured clinical caregiver-based interview and the results of the neuropsychological tests. The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) was made according to a modified version of the criteria proposed by Petersen et al 2001. Results: Fifty-five percent of the PD patients without dementia were cognitively impaired. Impairment on the Stroop Word Test was associated with an increased risk for incident dementia. Thirtyeight PD patients (52.7%) who fulfilled the criteria for MCI were identified. The progression rate to dementia after 4 years was 60% in subjects with MCI, compared to only 20% among the cognitively intact PD patients. Finally, cognitive heterogeneity was found both in patients with MCI and with dementia: In both groups, the majority exhibited a predominantly executive impairment (i.e. “subcortical” cognitive profile), although a considerable proportion had a predominantly memory impairment (i.e. “cortical” cognitive profile). Conclusions: These findings show that cognitive impairment is common even in non-demented patients with PD, and that MCI is an early manifestation of the dementia in PD. The cognitive profiles indicate that in most patients with PD, fronto-subcortical changes are the main contributing factor to dementia, whereas in other patients, cortical and hippocampal changes predominate. http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2141 Title: Returning disability pensioners with back pain to work <br/> <br/>Authors: Magnussen, Liv Heide <br/> <br/>Abstract: The main purpose of this thesis was to investigate whether a group of disability pensioners with back pain would have a potential for a successful return to work. Perceived barriers against work, physical and mental functioning and the effect of a vocational- oriented intervention were evaluated. The thesis consists of three papers. The first paper deals with the pensioners’ perceived barriers against work and perceptions of their own health. This was considered likely to have an impact on the process of returning to work. To explore these perceptions, focus group interviews in a sample of 17 disability pensioners were carried out. Several perceived barriers against a successful return to work appeared: earlier negative experiences related to the disability process and previous work, poor self - judgement of work ability, low self-esteem, lack of support from social security authorities and unsuitable economic arrangements. The second paper explores whether the level of physical and mental functioning would influence on a successful return to work in patients on disability pension due to back pain. Both self-report and physical performance measures disclosed considerably reduced physical functioning among these disability pensioners. High levels of pain, fear avoidance beliefs, emotional distress and other health complaints were also reported. The majority rated their working ability as poor and did not expect that they could ever return to work. However, a subgroup with a more positive expectancy was found. In this group we found a better physical and mental functioning. In the third paper, a randomised controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of a brief vocational-oriented intervention. The intervention focused on the issues emerging from Paper 1 and 2. The intervention had no statistically significant effect on return to work during the following year. However, twice as many in the intervention group as in the control group had entered into a return to work process at 1-year follow-up which gave a number needed to treat of 9. Prognostic factors for having entered this process included a more positive expectancy for a return to work, less pain and better physical performance. This thesis confirms that the effort of returning disability pensioners with back pain to work is a challenging task. Due to the large economical implication of returning disability pensioners to work, the modest effect of the intervention used in the present study may still be of clinical and economical relevance, at least for a selected group of pensioners. Candidates for vocational rehabilitation seem to be more likely to succeed if they have a positive attitude towards returning to work, have less pain and when they are not severely physically impaired. Candidates in future rehabilitation programmes should probably be selected based on these criteria. They seem also to need very close follow-up from all parts involved in the return to work process.