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    <title>BORA Collection: Department of Scandinavian Language and Literature (Various)</title>
    <link>http://hdl.handle.net/1956/890</link>
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      <title>The Collection's search engine</title>
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      <link>http://bora.uib.no/simple-search</link>
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    <item>
      <title>Markedness in Urban East Norwegian tonal accent</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2401</link>
      <description>Title: Markedness in Urban East Norwegian tonal accent
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Kristoffersen, Gjert
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: A new formal analysis of the tonal accent contrast in Urban East Norwegian (UEN), is developed in this paper, based on Optimality Theory. In opposition to the widespread assumption that the contrast is based on privativity, this paper represents a return to the position that the contrast derives from different timing of a common underlying melody. Surface privativity, i.e. the absence vs. presence of an H, that can be observed in the contrast between accent 1 and 2 in Urban East Norwegian,, is analyzed as the result of marked (accent 1) vs. unmarked (accent 2) association of a common tonal input. The marked status of accent 1 follows from lexical pre-linking, protected by high-ranking faithfulness, which overrides (unmarked) association driven by the markedness constraints alone.</description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 2005 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Bestemt form entall hankjønn</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2400</link>
      <description>Title: Bestemt form entall hankjønn
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Kristoffersen, Gjert
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Artikkelen er en optimalitetsteoretisk analyse av forskjellene i realisasjon av suffikset tittelen på artikkelen refererer til i tre ulike varieteter av norsk. Forskjellene mellom de tre varietetetene beskrives gjennom rerangering av det samme settet av betingelser.</description>
      <pubDate>Sun, 29 Oct 2006 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Om palataler, men fra en fonologisk synsvinkel</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2399</link>
      <description>Title: Om palataler, men fra en fonologisk synsvinkel
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Kristoffersen, Gjert
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Artikkelen er en diskusjon i hvilken grad settet av palatale segmenter som finnes i ulike norske dialekter lar seg gjøre rede for innenfor de ulike måtene å representere palatale segmenter på vi finner innenfor generativ fonologi</description>
      <pubDate>Wed, 29 Oct 1997 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>To err or not to err: Litt om retroflektering i norsk scenespråk</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2398</link>
      <description>Title: To err or not to err: Litt om retroflektering i norsk scenespråk
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Kristoffersen, Gjert
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Artikkelen er en variasjonsanalyse av retroflektering i en innspilling av Henrik Ibsens John Gabriel Borkman fra 1960-årene. Norsk scenespråk har tradisjonelt vært konservativt i forhold til avslappet østlandsk dagligtale. I sistnevnte blir sekvenser av /r/ pluss koronal {t, d, s, l, n}temmelig konsekvent smeltet sammen til én lyd med retrofleks (apikal) artikulasjon. I uttaleordbøker fra første del av det 20. århundre blir det advart mot dette i dannet tale. Spørsmålet som ligger til grunn for artikkelen er i hvilken grad denne advarselen fremdeles ble tatt til følge i scenespråket på 1960-tallet. Resultatet av gjennomgangen viser at retroflektering bare unngås innen ord, så å si aldri mellom ord. Innenfor ordet spiller flere forhold en rolle, f.eks. om sekvensen splittes av en morfologisk grense eller ikke, om /r/ er del av en trykksterk eller trykksvak stavelse etc. Vi finner også variasjon mellom skuespillerne knyttet til alder.</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Oct 1999 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>"Det va'kje no vanskli å snakke med du" Litt om trykksterke og trykksvare personlige pronomener i Arendal</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2397</link>
      <description>Title: "Det va'kje no vanskli å snakke med du" Litt om trykksterke og trykksvare personlige pronomener i Arendal
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Kristoffersen, Gjert
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: Artikkelen tar for seg en endring som har spredd seg i dialektene langs sørlandskysten i løpet av de siste femti årene, nemlig skifte fra ’deg’ til ’du’ i trykksterk, avhengig posisjon. Denne endringen blir vanligvis framstilt som en forenkling av pronomensystemet. I denne artikkelen vises det dette ikke er tilfellet. Det er i stedet tale om en endring av distribusjonene av de to formene ’du’ og ’deg’, der den første brukes i som ikke-enklitisk uavhengig av posisjon, mens det siste brukes enklitisk, dvs. trykksvakt etter verb og preposisjoner.&#xD;
&#xD;
The paper discusses a change that has been taking place in the dialects spoken on the South Eastern coast of Norway during the last fifty years, where the object (dependent) form of the 2. p. sg. personal pronoun ‘deg’ has been replaced with ‘du’, which is also the subject form of the same pronoun. In former analyses, this change has been interpreted as a grammar simplification in the form of a conflation of the subject and object form. The present analysis shows that this is not the case: ‘deg’ is still in use, but only as an unstressed clitic leaning to a verb or a preposition. Non-clitic realizations, i.e. realization as subject or as a stressed, independent phonological word in object position or following a preposition, ‘du’ is used. In the latter two positions it has replaced former ‘deg’.</description>
      <pubDate>Tue, 29 Oct 1996 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Fortellingas absolutte musikk: forsøk på en lesning av Jon Fosses Blod. Steinen er</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2362</link>
      <description>Title: Fortellingas absolutte musikk: forsøk på en lesning av Jon Fosses Blod. Steinen er
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Sørensen, Kjell</description>
      <pubDate>Fri, 29 Oct 2004 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dialekten i Brattvågen og på Hildre i Brattvågen og på Hildre: ei sosiolingvistisk oppfølgingsgransking av talemålet i to sunnmørsbygder</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2306</link>
      <description>Title: Dialekten i Brattvågen og på Hildre i Brattvågen og på Hildre: ei sosiolingvistisk oppfølgingsgransking av talemålet i to sunnmørsbygder
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Hildremyr, Helene</description>
      <pubDate>Sat, 29 Oct 2005 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Guarding the Guardians : rating scale and rater training effects on reliability and validity of scores of an oral test of Norwegian as a second language</title>
      <link>http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2085</link>
      <description>Title: Guarding the Guardians : rating scale and rater training effects on reliability and validity of scores of an oral test of Norwegian as a second language
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Authors: Carlsen, Cecilie
&lt;br/&gt;
&lt;br/&gt;Abstract: This thesis focuses on the scoring of a national test of Norwegian as a second language:&#xD;
Språkprøven i norsk for voksne innvandrere, developed by Norsk språktest at the University&#xD;
of Bergen. In order to ensure a fair assessment of the candidates’ oral production, the test&#xD;
constructors make use of trained raters basing their scores on an explicit rating scale (NORS).&#xD;
These two highly recommended procedures in performance testing have traditionally been&#xD;
viewed as means to heighten reliability of test scores. In line with recent developments in the&#xD;
field of language testing, I argue that the rater variable affects not only reliability, but the very&#xD;
construct validity of test scores. Rater training and development of rating scales are costly and&#xD;
time-consuming enterprises. To establish their effect on test scores is therefore interesting&#xD;
from a test theoretical, as well as from a practical and economical point of view.&#xD;
In the study, four groups of informants are compared: non-linguists (or naïve-native&#xD;
speakers), teachers of Norwegian as a second language without rater training, raters of&#xD;
Språkprøven, and finally a subgroup of the most experienced raters of Språkprøven. The&#xD;
informants score eight candidates’ video recorded performances on a six-point scale. The first&#xD;
four are scored impressionistically, and the next for by informants using the NORS. The&#xD;
quantitative data are used in an investigation of internal agreement (inter-rater reliability)&#xD;
between raters of the distinct groups. Informants are also asked to give written reports of their&#xD;
scores, which are used in an investigation of raters’ underlying criteria for assessing speech.&#xD;
The qualitative data are used firstly in an attempt to explain the results of the reliability study,&#xD;
and thereafter in an investigation of the match between raters’ criteria and the criteria of the&#xD;
NORS (construct validity). The results reveal differences between groups for the scores they&#xD;
give, as well as for the reasons for these scores. One important conclusion echoes the claim&#xD;
that “quantitative similarities in ratings may mask significant qualitative differences in the&#xD;
reasons for those ratings” (Connor-Linton 1995: 99).</description>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2004 22:58:59 GMT</pubDate>
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