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http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2635
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| Tittel: | Proteome changes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to oil and produced water : discovery of biomarker candidates for environmental monitoring |
| Forfattere: | Kjersem, Anneli Bohne |
| Dato: | 7-Sep-2007 |
| Forlag: | The University of Bergen |
| Sammendrag: | Produced water is the most dominating source of continuous oil discharges to the sea
offshore. It contains a wide range of compounds such as alkyl phenols, polyaromatic
hydrocarbons (PAHs), heavy metals, carboxylic acids and other organic compounds,
which may cause harm by themselves or in synergy with other compounds present in
produced water. Worldwide there is a growing concern that contamination of the
marine environment may constitute an important contribution to the reported decline
in harvested populations of marine fish species, and early life stages have been
reported to be more sensitive to xenobiotic exposure than adult fish.
Proteomics were applied to identify changes in the proteome of Atlantic cod (Gadus
morhua) exposed to crude North Sea oil and North Sea produced water at different
life stages and during early development. Apparent protein changes were identified
and linked to possible signalling pathways and mechanisms involved in the biological
response of fish following exposure. Exposure to North Sea crude oil and produced
water appeared to induce a large number of changes, also at low levels of exposure.
More than 40 of the 137 protein changes detected in plasma of juvenile cod following
exposed to crude oil and surrogate produced water appeared at the lowest level of
exposure, 0.06 ppm crude oil. Almost all of the protein changes detected in whole fry
and fry liver following produced water exposure occurred at the lowest levels of
produced water, 0.01% and 0.1% produced water.
In total 137 proteins appeared to change in plasma of juvenile cod exposed to crude
oil and oil spiked with PAHs and alkyl phenols. 84 proteins appeared to change in
whole cod fry exposed to produced and oestradiol from egg to fry stage whereas 105
proteins appeared to change in liver of cod fry exposed to produced and oestradiol.
Comparing the results from produced water exposure with oestradiol exposure, suggest that some of the responses may be related to endocrine disrupting effects.
However, about 25% - 50% of the produced water affected proteins did not change
following oestradiol exposure.
The biomarker candidates found in this study includes a vide range of different
protein previously been reported to be involved in a variety cellular and molecular
functions, indicating effects on the immune system, the fibrinolytical system, iron
hemostasis, fertility, metabolism, perception, morphology and development.
The levels of exposure used in this study are supposed to reflect both acute
discharges and long-term, chronic exposures, levels of exposure close to back-ground
levels and distances far from the platforms, as well as higher levels of exposure
comparable to the expected concentrations in close proximity of the oil installations
offshore. The biomarker candidates discovered in this study will have to be verified
and validated for use as biomarkers in environmental monitoring in future studies.
The PhD project “Proteome changes in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) exposed to oil
and produced water: Discovery of biomarker candidates for environmental
monitoring” is funded by Total E&P Norway and was carried out at the Department
of Molecular Biology, The University of Bergen, Norway. |
| URI: | http://hdl.handle.net/1956/2635 |
| ISBN: | 978-82-308-0420-9 (print version) |
| Vises i samlingene: | Department of Molecular Biology
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