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Import FS
SOA-3007: Indigenous resource management Work Load
10 credits (ECTS) | Type of course
Theoretical subject. | Level of course/Year of study
First or second year at master''s level. | Language of instruction
English | Examination semester
Spring | Objectives
The course is obligatory for students at the Master Program in Indigenous Studies. SOA-3007 can be elected as a course at the Bachelor Program in Social Anthropology and can also be worked in as a course in several others disciplinary master programs. | Contents
The course aims at demonstrating the intimate relations between ecology, indigenous knowledge, local social organization and customary law concerning indigenous resource management. Further, impacts of market integration, relations to governmental politics and administrative regimes, and problems created by external encroachments on indigenous resource areas will be explored. Concepts like ''sustainable development'' and ''the tragedy of the commons'' will be commented, and so will various issues concerning the legal acknowledgement of rights to resources. As examples and illustrations a diverse collection of empirical examples, mainly from northern regions, but also from other parts of the Fourth World will be presented. | Compulsory prerequisites
SOA-1001 Understanding cultures. Introduction to Social Anthropology | Form of teaching
The teaching will be given as lectures and seminars through all semester. Seminars will be arranged as support to the lectures. Films will also be used as part of the teaching. There will be no teaching while the students is writing their essay. | Exam and assessment
Studentene skriver et essay med gitt oppgavetekst og skrivetid på en uke. Essayet vil bli bedømt som bestått/ikke bestått.
På slutten av semesteret skriver studentene et essay (hjemmeeksamen) med gitt oppgavetekst og skrivetid på en uke. Lengde: 10 sider (3500 ord).
Muntlig eksamen.
Karakterskala A-E for bestått, F er ikke bestått. Det tilbys kontinueringseksamen ved karakteren F påfølgende semester. | Contact person/lecturer
Mayvi Johansen | Recommended reading/syllabus
See homepage. | Homepage
http://uit.no/antropologi/2111/24
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Teaching spring 2006
Course coordinator: Ass. professor Ivar Bjørklund
Lecturers is: Ass. professor Ivar Bjørklund and Professor Trond Thuen | | Lectures | First lecture: Monday January 16th 2006, hour 14:15 pm - 16.00 pm, room 5.402 (forth floor, house no. 5 in Teorifagbygget). | | Lecturers | Foreleser Prof. Trond Thuen
Ansv. leder F.aman. Ivar Bjørklund
Foreleser Prof. Per Mathiesen
Foreleser aman. Johan A Kalstad
| | Film seminar | A film related to the course subject will be shown January 23 and February 14, 14.15 pm to 16.00 pm. Title will be published later.
Ansv. leder F.aman. Ivar Bjørklund
| | Examination | One home written essay/paper over one week with a given title:
February 20th- 27th. To be handed in at February 27th at 14:00 pm
Obligatory oral evaluation with the subject teacher will be given in the period: March 7th-10th.
NB! Change in the dates for final examination: A home written essay/paper with a given title. The text is handed out April 18 at 10:00 am, and must be handed in April 25 at 14:00 pm.
Oral examination: May 15 and 16.
Both the exercise essay and the final examination essay is handed in/out in the general office in house 5, floor 6 in Teorifagbygget. |
Utfyllende informasjon
Obligatory oral feedback on essay in week 10Information about time/place for when your essay will be commented on by one of your professors, you find here.
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Lecture and seminar outlinesFor an overview look here.
1. Introduction: On knowledge, management and sustainability
Forms of knowledge, from the traditional to the scientific, will be juxtaposed and discussed. A special emphasis will be given to the integration of indigenous knowledge with cosmologies and interpersonal relationship. The superimposed control by governmental regimes will be discussed, as well as the concept of and the management of “the commons”.
Readings:
Agrawal, Arun 1995: "Dismantling the Divide Between Indigenous and Scientific Knowl-edge", Development and Change, Vol.26, (413-439). 26 p.
Brox, Ottar 1990:"The Common Property Theory: Epistemological Status and Analytical Utility", Human Organization, no. 3. 9 p.
Freeman, Milton 1989: "Graphs and Gaffs: A Cautionary tale in the Common-Property re-sources Debate". In Fikret Berkes (ed): Common Property Resources. Belhaven Press.
16 p.
Hardin, Garrett ": "The Tragedy of the Commons." Science, 162: 1243-8. 5 p.
Kalland, Arne 2003: “Anthropology and the concept of ‘sustainability’.” In Roepstorff, A., N. Brubandt & K. Kull (eds.): Imagining Nature. Practices of Cosmology and Identity. Aar-hus: Aarhus University Press. Pp. 161-174. 14 p.
Kalland, Arne 2000: “Indigenous Knowledge: Prospects and Limitations.” In Ellen, R., P. Parkes and A. Bicker (eds.): Indigenous Environmental Knowledge and its Transforma-tions. Harwood Academic Publishers. Pp. 319-335. 15 p.
McCay, Bonnie J. and Svein Jentoft 1998: "Market or Community Failure? Critical Perspec-tives on Common Property Research". Human Organization, vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 21-29. 9 p.
Usher, Peter 1987: "Indigenous Management Systems and Conservation of Wildlife in Cana-dian North". Alternatives, vol.14. no 1. 7 p.
Chapters in Susan S. Hanna, Carl Folke and Karl-Gõran Mãler(eds.): Rights to Nature: Eco-logical, Economic, Cultural, and Political Principles of Institutions for the Environment. Washington D.C. Island Press, 1996.:Hanna, Susan, Carl Folke and Karl-Gõran Mãler: "Property Rights and the Natural Envi-ronment." Chapter 1. 5 p.
Hanna, Susan and Svein Jentoft: "Human Use of the Natural Environment. An Overview of Social and Economic Dimensions." Chapter 3. 23p
129 p.
2. Hunters and gatherers
In contrast to peoples whose resources are in some way domesticated, such as farmers and pastoralists, hunters and gatherers have a relationship to nature and to nature’s species which is not predetermined by the human part. In many hunting societies one may find that their relationship to nature is intimately personal and based on conceptualisations of the world and the cosmos that are ultimately linked through spiritual connections.
Readings:
Feit, Harvey (1994): “Dreaming of animals: The Waswanipi Cree Shaking Tent Ceremony in relation to environment, hunting, and missionization.” In Irimoto & Yamada (eds.): Cir-cumpolar religion and Ecology. An Anthropology of the North. Tokya: University of To-kyo Press. 23 p.
Henriksen, Georg (2000) [1973]: Hunters in the Barrens. The Naskapi on the Edge of the White Man’s World. St. John’s: ISER Books, Memorial University of Newfoundland. 122 p.
Riddington, Robin (1990) [1982]: “Technology, world view, and adaptive strategy in a north-ern hunting society.” In Riddington, R.: Little Bit Know Something. Stories in a language of anthropology. Vancouver: Douglas and McIntyre. Pp. 84-99. 16 p.
161 p.
3. Pastoral societies
Pastoral peoples live in societies organized around the seasonal movements of their animals. Their resource use is marginalized as compared to that of farmers. Like hunters and gatherers they often live dispersed over vast areas, and this makes their specific ways of life vulnerable to encroachments from sedentary people, from governmental or corporate industrial develop-ment. Likewise, governments often feel compelled to regulate their resource use.
Readings:
Anderson, David (2000): "Rangifer and Human Interests", Rangifer, vol. 20 (2-3) 153-174. 21 p.
Bjørklund, Ivar (1990): "Sami Reindeer Pastoralism as an Indigenous Resource Management System in Northern Norway - a Contribution to the Common Property Debate". Develop-ment and Change, Sage 2:75-86. 11 p.
Bjørklund, Ivar (2003): "Sami Pastoral Society in Northern Norway - The National Integra-tion of an Indigenous Management System". In Anderson/Nuttall: Cultivating Arctic Landscapes, Berghahn Press. 12 p.
Konstantinov, Yulian (1996):"Field Research of Reindeer-herding in the Kola Peninsula: Problems and Challenges". Acta Borealia, vol. 13. 17 p.
Nyyssönen, Jukka (2003): “The environmental sustainability of the property rights regimes in Inari: The performance of forest government and reindeer herding co-operatives.” In Jen-toft, S., H. Minde and R. Nilsen (eds.): Indigenous Peoples. Resource management and global rights. Delft: Eburon. Pp. 249-271. 22 p.
Sergejeva, Elena (2000): "The Eastern Sami: A short account of their history and identity", Acta Borealia, vol. 17. 33 p.
116 p.
4. Marine resources
In a way fishermen are like hunters – their prey are wild species with a less predictable avail-ability than that of domesticated animals. Such “free” resources have more often than not been made the object of governmental regulations. Again, customary management conven-tions may collide with governmental and scientific constructions of management regimes.
Readings
Eythórsson, Einar (2003): "The Coastal Sami - a Pariah Caste of the Fisheries? Ethnicity and Power in Norwegian Resource Management". In Jentoft, Minde and Nilsen (eds.): Indige-nous Peoples. Resource Management and Global Rights. Eburon. 14 p.
Eythórsson, Einar, and S. R. Mathisen (1998): "Ethnicity and Epistemology: Changing Un-derstandings of Coastal Sami Local Knowledge". In Jentoft, Svein (ed): Commons in a Cold Climate,Parthenon/UNESCO. 15 p.
Hersoug, Bjørn (2003): "Maori Fishing Rights - Coping with the Aboriginal Challenge". In Jentoft, S., H. Minde and R. Nilsen (eds.): Indigenous Peoples. Resource Management and Global Rights. Eburon. 23 p.
Johannes, R.E., Freeman, M.M.R., Hamilton, R.J., (2000): "Ignore fisher's knowledge and miss the boat". Fish and Fisheries, 1, 257-271. 15 p.
Kalland, Arne (1993): "Management by Totemization. Whale Symbolism and the Anti-Whaling Campaign", Arctic, Vol.46.
Maurstad, Anita (2002): "Fishing in murky waters - ethics and politics of research on fisher knowledge". Marine Policy 26 (159-166). 8 p.
Mulrennan, Monica and Colin Scott (2000): “Mare Nullius: Indigenous rights in saltwater environments.” Development and Change, vol. 31 no. 3: 681-708. 26 p.
101 p.
5. Indigenous adaptions and their legal context: The quest for land rights.
All over the world indigenous peoples are claiming rights of possession and control over their resource bases. This struggle has been fought politically, by demonstrations, hunger strikes, road blockades, etc., and by making appeal to the sense of justice and fairness in the majority populations and their governments. And it has been fought in the court room, when the major-ity system of justice has been confronted with indigenous people’s history of resource depri-vation.
Readings
Berkes, Fikret (1999): "Challenges to Indigenous Knowledge", Sacred Ecology. Traditional Ecological Knowledge and Resource Management. Taylor & Francis (145-161). 17 p.
Bjerkli, Bjørn (1996): "Land Use, Traditionalism, and Rights". Acta Borealia, vol. 13 (3-21). 18 p.
Freeman et al. (1998):"Challenges to the Sustainable Use of Whales by Inuit". In Freeman et al. (eds.): Inuit, Whaling and Sustainability. Altamira Press (147-174). 28 p.
Jhappan Radha (1990):"Indian Symbolic Politics: The Double-edged Sword of Publicity". Canadian Ethnic Studies, vol.23 no.3 (19-39). 20 p.
Sanders, Douglas (1999): "We intend to live here forever. An analysis of the Nisga'a treaty". Unpublished paper. 25 p.
Strang, Veronica (2000): "Not so black and white: The effects of aboriginal law on Australian legislation". In Abrahamson, Allen and Theodossopoulos (eds.): Land, Law and Environ-ment. Mythical Land, Legal Boundaries. London: Pluto Press. 22 p.
York, Geoffrey (1990): "Defence of the North: The Native Economy and land Claims". Ch. 5 in York,G: The Disposessed. Life and Death in Native Canada. London: Vintage UK. 33 p.
163 p.
Total reading list: 670 p.
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