Peace Studies - MPCT 305

DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE, UNIVERSITY OF TROMSO:
SPRING TERM 2003:

LECTURER: Arne Kommisrud
The first lecture: January 21.
Time: Tuesdays 1215-1400. 10 lectures
Place: Seminarrom UB.

MPCT -STUDENTS AT UIT ARE WELCOME TO ATTEND THE COURSE WITH THE STUDENTS OF
THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE.

Purpose:

State-formation and state dissolutions (or breakdowns) are complex historical processes. The course aims at reviewing a number of classical and more recent theories of state building and political regimes - with special emphasis on various democracy models - as well as theories of nationalism. The course will be held in a border area between political theory and comparative history, the latter meaning that theoretical traditions will be sought to be placed in a historical context, and that case studies of historical and present-day dilemmas and conflicts will be discussed. Different theoretical traditions see state power as a strategic variable for regulating various social conflict formations: economic interest conflicts (class conflicts), ethnic conflicts, religious and regional conflicts, North-South conflicts etc. The handling of a conflict may be more or less "just", or more or less systematically beneficial to one of the parties to the conflict. Various views on these issues will be juxtaposed.

3 Main topics to be discussed

Among the essential questions are:
1) How do various theoretical traditions justify state power and how do they
regard mediation between the players in the State, Civil Society and Business Community (capitalist market).

2) "Democracy" today is a political supra-ideology for virtually anyone and everyone, but the concept of democracy is far from unproblematic or without great inner tension. What are the relations between protective democracy (as in the classical liberal tradition) and developing democracy models (as in
Rousseau, Marx and John Stuart Mill), between participatory democracy and elite democracy, between substantial and institutional understandings of democratic politics.

3) There is also no general agreement on the concepts of nation and nationalism: main views in research on nationalism will be studied: on the one hand variant forms of the modernistic/ subjective/political/constructivistic approach, and variant forms of the primordialistic/ objective /cultural/ethno-symbolic approach on the other. These will be juxtaposed to each other and will be linked to a discussion of the resolution of national conflicts or the absence of such resolution, in the wake of the change of regime in the former Eastern bloc of the past decade.

Syllabus:
Bobbio, Norberto (1987)"Gramsci and the Concept of Civil Society", in Norberto Bobbio, Which Socialism. Oxford: Polity. 22 pages

Butenschon, Nils (1993): Politics of Ethnocracies. Strategies and Dilemmas of Ethnic Domination. Department of Political Science, University of Oslo. Working Paper 01/93, 22 pages
Hechter, Michael (2000): Containing Nationalism: Oxford: Oxford UP, chapt.8, 24 pages.
Held, David (1996): Models of Democracy. Second edition. Cambridge: Polity Press 1996. 360 pages.
Hinze, Otto (1975): "Military Organization an the Organization of d the State", in F. Gilbert (ed)., The Historical Essays of Otto Hinze, chapt.5,37 pages.

Hobsbawm, Eric J. and Ranger, Terence (1992): The invention of tradition, New York: Cambridge University Press, Intoduction. Inventing traditions,14 pages.
Hobsbawm, Eric J.(1992): Nations and nationalism since 1780. Programme, myth, reality, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, kap. 2.,3, 4,5, 117 pages.

Hroch, Miroslav (1993): 'From national movement to the fully formed nation', New Left Review 198: 3-20, London, 18 pages.

Kershaw, Ian (1997) "Working towards the "Führer: Reflections on the nature of the Hitler dictatorship", in Stalinism and Nazism. Dictatorships in Comparison.
Cambidge: Cambridge University Press, 19 pages.

Lewin, Moshe (1997): "Bureacracy and the Stalinist State", in Stalinism and Nazism. Dictatorships in Comparison. Cambidge: Cambridge University Press, 21 pages

Lewin; Moshe (1997): "Stalin in the Mirror of the Other", in Stalinism and Nazism. Dictatorships in Comparison. Cambidge: Cambridge University Press, 29 pages

Mann, Michael,(1985): "The Autonomous Power of the State: Its Origins, Mechanisms, and Results", European Journal of Sociology, Vol.25, pp.185-213,28 pages.

Linz, Juan and Alfred Stepan (1975): Problems of Democratic Transition and Consolidation. Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press.Chapter, Part 1, "Theoretical Overview" and Part IV "Post_Communist Europe": The
Most Complex Paths and Tasks". 184 pages.

Smith, Anthony D. (1998): Nationalism and Modernism. London: Routledge, 243 s.
Poulantzas, Nicos (2000): State, Power, Socialism. London: Verso, Part1 and 2, 114 pages.

Tilly, Charles (1997) , "War Making and State Making as Organized Crime",
Chapt. 7 in Charles Tilly, Roads from Past to Future Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 27 pages
Total no of pages: 1203

Recommended readings:

Collins, Randall (1986): "Imperialism and Legitamacy: Weber's Theory of Politics", in Weberian Sociological Theory, chapt. 6.
Glenny, Misha (1996), "Why the Balkans are so violent", The New York Reviews of Books; Sep. 19, 1996.
Jessop, Bob (1996): State Theory. Putting the Capitalist State in its Place. Oxford: Polity.
Kolsto, P†l (2000), Political Construction Sites, Nation. Nation-Building in Russia and the Post-Soviet States, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press.
Linz, Juan J. "Political Space and Fascism as a Late-Comer", in Stein Ugelvik Larsen et al.Who were the
Fascists: social roots of European Fascism, Bergen: Universitetsforlaget 1990.
Linsz, Juan (1975): "Totalitarian and Authoritarian Regimes", in Handbook of Political Science. Vol. 3.
Macropolitical Theory. Reading, Mass,: Addison-Wesley.
Lieven, Dominic, "Dilemmas of Empire 1850-1918. Power, Territory, Identity", Journal of Contemporary History", Lond. April 1999 .
Mazower, Mark (1997): "Minorities and Nations in interwar Europe", Daedalus, Boston; Spring 1997.
Smith, Anthony D.(1991): National identity, London: Penguin'.
Tilly, Charles (1975) (ed): The Formation of National States in Western Europe. Princeton, N.J. : Princeton University Press.
Wallerstein, Immanuel (1991): Geopolitics and Geoculture. Essays on the changing World System. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wallerstein, Immanuel (1998): Utopistic. Or,Historical Choices of the Twenty-first Century. New York: The new Press.
Woodward, Susan. (2000), "Diaspora, or the Dangers of Disunification? Putting the "Serbian Model" into Perspective, in Michael Maandelbaum ( ed).The New European Diasporas New York: Council on Foreign
Relations Press.

Some More:

Anderson, Benedict (1991): Imagined communities, Verso, London.
Connor, Walker (1984): The national question in Marxist-Leninist Theory and Strategy, Princeton University Press, Princeton.
Eley, Geoff/Suny, Ronald Grigor (eds.) (1996): Becoming national, Oxford University Press.
Garc¡a, Soledad (ed) (1993): European Identity and the Search for Legitimacy, Pinter, London.
Gellner, Ernest (1996): Do nations have navels? in Nations and Nationalism 3, 1996.
Gellner, Ernst (1983): Nations and nationalism, Oxford: Blackwell.
Gellner, Ernest (1997): Nationalism, Weidenfeld & Nicolson,London.
Glenny, Misha, The Balkans 1804-1999: Nationalism and the Great Powers. London: Granta Books.
Greenfeld, Liah (1992): Nationalism. Five roads to modernity, Harvard University Press, Cambridge.
Horowitz, Donald L. (1985): Ethnic Groups in Conflict, University of California Press, Berkeley.
Hroch, Miroslav (1985): Social preconditions of national revival in Europe, Cambridge University Press.
Hutchinson, John (1994): Modern nationalism, London: Fontana Press.
Mosse, George L. (1995): 'Racism and nationalism', i Nations and Nationalism 2, 1995.
Periwal, Sukumar (ed) (1995): Notions of nationalism, Central European University Press.
Seton-Watson, Hugh (1977): Nations and States. An enquiiry into the origins of nationa and the politics of nationalism, Methuen, London.
Smith, Anthony D. (1986): The ethnic origins of nations, Blackwell, Oxford & Cambridge.
Smith, Anthony D. (1995a): Nations and nationalism in a global era, Cambridge: Polity Press.
Smith, Anthony D. (1995b): 'Gastronomy or geology? The role of nationalism in the reconstruction of nations', in Nations and Nationalism 1, 1995.
Smith, Anthony D. (1996): 'Nations and their past' + 'Reflections on Ernest Gellner's theory of nationalism' in Nations and nationalism 3, 1996.
Smith, Anthony D. (1998): Nationalism and modernism. A critical survey of recent theories of nations and nationalism. London & New York: Routledge.
Smith, Graham (1995): Federalism. The multiethnic challenge, Longman, London & New York.
Wallerstein, Immanuel (1995): After Liberalism. New York: The New Press.
Woodward, Susan L (1995): The Balkan Tragedy. Chaos and Dissolution After the End of the Cold War. Washington D.C.: Brookings Institution.
Woolf, Stuart J. (ed) (1995): Nationalism in Europe: a reader, Routledge, London.

Still some other theoretical and empirical contributions:
Andresen, Trude, Bull, Beate & Duvold, Kjetil (eds.) (1997): Separatism: Culture counts, resources decide. Chr. Michelsens Institutt, Bergen.
Balcells, Albert; Walker, Geoffrey J. (ed) (1995): Catalan nationalism: past and present, Macmillan Press.
Banac, Ivo (1988): The national question in Yugoslavia, Cornell University Press, London.
Beveridge, Craig & Turnbull, Ronnie (1997): Scotland after the Enlightenment. Polygon, Edinburgh.
Birch, Anthony H. (1989): Nationalism and national integration, Unwin Hyman, London.
Boyce, D. George (1995): Nationalism in Ireland, Routledge.
Breton, Albert, Galeotti, Gianluigi, Salmon, Pierre & Wintrobe, Ronald (eds.) (1995): Nationalism and rationality. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Breuilly, John (1993): Nationalism and the state, Manchester University Press.
Broun, Dauvit, Finlay, R.J. & Lynch, Michael (eds.) (1998): Image and identity: the making and re-making of Scotland through the ages. John Donald, Edinburgh.
Brubaker, Rogers (1992): Citizenship and nationhood in France and Germany, Harvard University Press.
Bugajski, Janusz (1995): Ethnic politics in Eastern Europe: a guide to nationality policies, organizations and parties, M.E. Sharpe.
Calhoun, Craig (1997): Nationalism, Open University Press, Buckingham.
Connor: Walker (1994): Ethnonationalism, Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Conversi, Daniele (1997): The Basques, the Catalans and Spain: alternative routes to nationalist mobilisation. London: Hurst.
Danforth, Loring M. (1995): The Macedonian conflict: ethnic nationalism in a transnational world, Princeton University Press.
Denitch, Bogdan (1994): Ethnic nationalism. The tragic death of Yugoslavia, University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis & London.
Deutsch, Karl W. (1966): Nationalism and social communication. An inquiry into the foundations of nationality. The M.I.T. Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
Dunn, Seamus/Fraser, T.G. (eds.) (1996): Europe and ethnicity. World War I and contemporary ethnic conflict, Routledge.
Dussen, Jan van der & Wilson, Kevin (eds) (1995): The history of the idea of Europe (What is Europe?), Routledge.
Eriksen, Thomas Hylland (1993): Ethnicity and nationalism. Pluto Press, London.
Fitzmaurice, John (1995): The politics of Belgium: a unique federalism, C. Hurst.
Gallagher, Tom (1995): Romania after Ceausescu, Edinburgh U.P.
Gellner, Ernest (1994): Encounters with nationalism, Blackwell, Oxford.
Guibernau, Montserrat (1996): Nationalisms. The Nation-State and Nationalism in the Twentieth century, Polity Press, Cambridge.
Hall, John A. (ed.) (1998): The state of the nation. Ernest Gellner and the theory of nationalism. Cambridge University Press, New York.
Hastings, Adrian (1997): The contruction of nationhood. Ethnicity, religion and nationalism. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
Hayes, Carlton (1948): The historical evolution of modern nationalism. The Macmillan Company, New York.
Hellen, Tomas (1996): Shaking Hands with the Past. Origins of the Political Right in Central Europe, Commentationes Scientarum Socialium 50, Helsinki.
Hroch, Miroslav (1994): The social interpretation of linguistic demands in European National movements, EUI working papers No 94/1, Firenze: European Univiersity Institute.
Hutchinson John/Smith Anthony D. (eds.) (1996): Ethnicity, Oxford University Press.
Hutchinson, John & Smith, Anthony D. (ed.) (1994): Nationalism, Oxford University Press.
James, Harold (1994): A German identity, Phoenix, London.
Jenkins, Richard (1997): Rethinking ethnicity: arguments and explorations. London: Sage.
Keating, Michael (1995): Nations against the state: the new politic of nationalism in Quebec, Catalonia and Scotland, Macmillan Press.
Kedourie, Elie (1993): Nationalism, Basil Blackwell, Oxford.
Kohn, Hans (1944): The Idea of Nationalism, The Macmillan Company, New York.
Kymlicka, Will (red.) (1996): The rights of minority cultures, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Kymlicka, Will (1998): Finding our way. Rethinking ethnocultural relations in Canada. Oxford University Press, Oxford.
Leff, Carol Skalnik (1988): National conflict in Czechoslovakia, Princeton University Press.
Lehmann, Hartmut and Hermann Wellenreuther (1999) (eds.): German and American Nationalism. A Comparative Perspective, New York: Berg.
Llobera, Josep R. (1994): The God of Modernity. The Development of Nationalism in Western Europe, Berg.
McKim, Robert & McMahan, Jeff (1997): The Morality of nationalism. New York: Oxford University Press.
Modood, Tariq & Werbner, Pnina (1997): Debating cultural hybridity: Multi-cultural identities and the politics of anti-racism. Zed Books, New York.
Modood, Tariq & Werbner, Pnina (1997): The Politics of multiculturalism in the new Europe : racism, identity, and community. Zed Books, New York.
Poulton, Hugh & Taji-Farouki, Suha (eds.) (1997): Muslim identity and the Balkan state. Hurst, London.
Poulton, Hugh (1995): Who are the Macedonians? Hurst, London.
Ramet, Pedro (1984): Nationalism and Federalism in Yugoslavia, Indiana University Press.
Ramet, Sabrina Petra (1995): Balkan Babel: the disintegration of Yugoslavia from the death of Tito to ethnic war, Westview Press.
Ringrose, Marjorie/Lerner, Adam (eds.) (1993): Reimagining the nation, Open University Press, Philadelpia.
Smith, Anthony D. (1983): Theories of nationalism, Holmes & Meier Publishers, New York.
Smith, Anthony D. (2000): The Nation in History. Historiographical Debates about Ethnicity and Nationalism, Polity Press, Oxford.
Simon, Gerhard (1991): Nationalism and policy toward the nationalities in the Sooviet Union: from totalitarian dictatoorship to post-Stalinissst society, Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press.
Smith, Anthony D. (1996): 'Nations and their past' og 'Reflections on Ernest Gellner's theory of nationalism', in Nations and nationalism 3, 1996.
Symposium on David Miller's On nationality, i Nations and Nationalism 3, 1996.
Teich, Mikul [sinvcircumflex], and Porter, Roy (eds) (1993): The national question in Europe in historical context. Cambridge University press, New York & Melbourne.
Tishkov, Valery (1997): Ethnicity, nationalism and conflict in and after the Soviet Union: The mind aflame. Sage Publications, London.
Verdery, Katherine (1995): National ideology under socialism: identity and cultural policies in Ceaucescus Romania, University of California Press.
Vickers, Miranda (1998): Between Serb and Albanian: A history of Kosovo. Hurst, London.
Wilson, Andrew (1996): Ukrainian nationalism in the 1990s: A minority faith. Cambridge: Cambridge University press.