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ConocoPhillips have provided us with some information about integrated operations below, and we recommend that you chech it out:
Background and reference information on Integrated Operations in Norway:
IO or Integrated operations are generally used in Norway to describe E-operations, or Real Time operations in the Oil and Gas industry. However it is really more than this and the OLF1 has outlined what is the industries and authorities expected development of IO in Norway. The development will take the form of firstly integration across disciplines on and offshore, then developing towards integration across companies. There is also a geographic element of this integration and in the future some of the new work processes will involve work across geographic and even political boundaries.
What we are seeing is more real time data and information flowing from offshore to onshore,
with processes and tools being developed to handle this growing volume. The decision loops and work
processes are becoming more tightly integrated, with more focus on the interactions within the whole process.
The graphic outlines some of the main work processes and a few of the elements. The division of work between
offshore and onshore is changing, and virtual teams, consisting of personnel from the field operator,
service companies, and suppliers, (R&D and Academia) are being established. Real-time access to a broad
spectrum of expertise from all players involved is resulting in faster and better operational decision-making.
History and Technology
Fibre optics is a key enabling technology for the communication aspect of IO.
It was as far back as 1854, when John Tyndall demonstrated to the Royal Society that light could be conducted through a curved stream of water, proving that a light signal could be bent.
It was in 1961, when Elias Snitzer of American Optical published a theoretical description of single mode fibres, a fibre with a core so small it could carry light with only one wave-guide mode. Snitzer's idea was okay for a medical instrument looking inside the human, but the fibre had a light loss of one decibel per meter. Communications devices needed to operate over much longer distances and required a light loss of no more than 10 or 20 decibels (measurement of light) per kilometre.
In 1964, a critical (and theoretical) specification was identified by Dr. C.K. Kao for long-range communication devices, the 10 or 20 decibels of light loss per kilometre standard. Kao also illustrated the need for a purer form of glass to help reduce light loss.
In 1970, one team of researchers began experimenting with fused silica, a material capable of extreme purity with a high melting point and a low refractive index. Corning Glass researchers Robert Maurer, Donald Keck and Peter Schultz invented fibre optic wire or "Optical Waveguide Fibres" (patent #3,711,262) capable of carrying 65,000 times more information than copper wire, through which information carried by a pattern of light waves could be decoded at a destination even a thousand miles away. The team had solved the problems presented by Dr. Kao.
In 1975, the United States Government decided to link the computers in the NORAD headquarters at Cheyenne Mountain using fibre optics to reduce interference.
In 1977, the first optical telephone communication system was installed about 1.5 miles under downtown Chicago, and each optical fibre carried the equivalent of 672 voice channels.
Today more than 80 percent of the world's long-distance traffic is carried over optical fibre cables, 25 million kilometres of the cable Maurer, Keck and Schultz designed has been installed world wide.
When it comes to general communication history let us remember just the last 30 to 40 years where we
have witnessed an exponential development!
1967 Defense Department issued a $19,800 contract on December 6, 1967, for the purpose of studying the "design and specification of a computer network," this is the roots of the Internet – see link for original request.
http://www.fcc.gov/omd/history/internet/images/arpa-letter-120667-large.jpg
1975 Laserprinter invented
1976 Apple I home computer invented.
CNN - First nationwide programming - via satellite.
1979 First cellular phone communication network started in Japan.
1980 Sony Walkman invented.
1981 IBM PC first sold. First laptop computers sold to public. Computer mouse becomes regular part of computer.
1983 Time magazines names the computer as "Man of the Year." First cellular phone network started in the United States.
On September 21, 1983, Motorola made history when the FCC approved the DynaTAC 8000X phone, the world's first commercial portable cell phone. After more than 10 years and a US$100 million investment, Motorola's commitment produced an innovative portable technology that revolutionized the communications industry and changed the lives of people around the world
1984 Apple Macintosh released. IBM PC AT released with 64K memory
1985 Cellular telephones in cars become wide-spread. CD-ROMs became an available option for computers.
1987 Motorola’s cell phone cost 27,000 Nkr ($4500 !) in Norway
1988 MCI Mail and CompuServe, first formally sanctioned commercial email carriers connected to the Internet
1991 Macintosh Powerbook released
1994 American government releases control of internet and WWW is born - making communication at light speed.
1995 Casio launches first consumer digital camera, the QV10 0.7 Mega pixels
Small LCD screens start appearing in the market
1997 SMS made available of mobile phones
2000 100 million people in the US, and over 1 billion worldwide have cell phones
2007 Mobil devices, 1 Gb memory, 5 Mega Pixel cameras ++++
Technology timelines as seen by BT
http://www.btplc.com/Innovation/News/timeline/index.htm
These are just a few points in time in the long history of development. We have seen a similar development in the Oil and Gas industry, and during the 1980s the computers became important tools when logging oil wells. Well data from wire lines, surface logging and MWD were recorded and stored in various databases. New downhole tools were soon producing more and more information about the geological formations that were being drilled, and started to be transferred to onshore initially by radio, then satellite, and today via fibre. This allowed decisions that initially were made offshore in isolation, being made in a more collaborative way with the rest of the team who were located onshore.
In early 1990s Baker Hughes Inteq started transferring logging data from the Gullfaks field (Norwegian North Sea) to town. The method consisted of transferring logging data in ASCII format via the phone lines. The low bandwidth and reliability were areas of concern, and made the thought of moving positions onshore to carry out the work remotely unlikely.
In the early 90s logging services were based on DOS or UNIX. When Microsoft Windows was introduced, and later the Internet, live data transfer became more reliable. Communication is the key to any form of real time operations, and is very reliant on software systems and applications that can handle amount of data that is being transferred. The eventual availability of this data and information on an Engineers or Geologists desktop has vastly improved how decisions are made.
Today much of the data is gathered in a rig site logging unit, though some sensor data is sent directly onshore. The downhole and surface data is then stored in some form of database, as time based or depth based data. Normally the database is replicated onshore on a more or less continuous basis.
Today we are in the situation where, the well site geologist is sitting onshore reading and interpreting the logs at almost the same moment data is measured downhole.
Ekofisk which is the oldest offshore field in Norway has an interesting communication development. It was the first to be connected to onshore via fibre optic cable.
Pre 1974 1625 Khz and 1930 Khz HF
Troposphere scatter
1974 Satellite 4 Channels (300 bits/sec)
1978 Satellite 6 Channels
1984 Fax reports to town then input to Mainframe
1987 Terminal offshore then transfer to town
1989 Daily Drilling reporting system was transferred to onshore
1997 Real time data to town for drilling
1999 Fibre Optic laid to Ekofisk
2002 Onshore Drilling Centre 140 Mbit + 100 Mbit
(ODC opens Nov 2002) Onshore Geosteering starts 2004 Onshore Operation centre (OOC)
Today 2 x 155Mbit link to offshore, including link to Aberdeen
OLF2 information
Future work processes in IO
Value potential of IO in Norway
HSE impact of IO
Information from the EDrift forum3
Integrated Operations from an Authority perspective:
Integrated Operations means using ICT solutions that include real-time data to integrate, work processes across disciplines and between organisations. With the aid of Integrated Operations, activities can be managed regardless of distance, e.g. between offshore and land. The Government has asked the Norwegian Petroleum Directorate to initiate a cooperative effort within the petroleum industry to promote the use of Integrated Operations on the Norwegian shelf. Through E-driftforum (Integrated Operations Forum), licensees, service and supply firms, research institutes and the authorities can meet to share knowledge and experience on this subject.
The Authorities also see that HSE should be seen as a important driver in the future development of IO on the Norwegian Continental Shelf.
Lots of information and links on this page
General IO documents and presentations:
Virtual Reality A Reality for the Norwegian Oil Industry
Oil exploration by remote control
Production optimisation of oil & gas fields in Real-time supported by Onshore Operating Centers
Possibilities and Challenges with Integrated EOperations
OG214 R&D strategy for Norway in area of IO
Wireless Camera system being used offshore